{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:28:13Z","timestamp":1777858093201,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diet-induced obesity is a laboratory procedure in which nonhuman animals are chronically exposed to a high-fat, high-sugar diet (i.e. cafeteria diet), which results in weight gain, altered sensitivity to reward, and alterations in the dopamine D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    system. To date, few (if any) studies have examined age-related diet-induced obesity effects in a rat model or have used an impulsive choice task to characterize diet-induced behavioral alterations in reward processes. We exposed rats to a cafeteria-style diet for eight weeks starting at age 21 or 70 days. Following the diet exposures, the rats were tested on a delay discounting task \u2013 a measure of impulsive choice in which preference for smaller, immediate vs larger, delayed food reinforcers was assessed. Acute injections of haloperidol (0.03\u20130.3 mg\/kg) were administered to assess the extent to which diet-induced changes in dopamine D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    influence impulsive food choice. Across both age groups, rats fed a cafeteria diet gained the most weight and consumed more calories than rats fed a standard diet, with rats exposed during development showing the highest weight gain. No age- or diet-related baseline differences in delay discounting were revealed, however, haloperidol unmasked subtle diet-related differences by dose-dependently reducing choice for the larger, later reinforcer. Rats fed a cafeteria diet showed a leftward shift in the dose-response curve, suggesting heightened sensitivity to haloperidol, regardless of age, compared to rats fed a standard diet. Results indicate that chronic exposure to a cafeteria diet resulted in changes in underlying dopamine D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    that manifested as greater impulsivity independent of age at diet exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117735750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T07:17:26Z","timestamp":1508915846000},"page":"1419-1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effects of a cafeteria diet on delay discounting in adolescent and adult rats: Alterations on dopaminergic sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Stephen H","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin 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