{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:45:02Z","timestamp":1780080302195,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"merck sharp and dohme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CONADIC"},{"name":"the Gonzalo R\u00edos Arronte Foundation"},{"name":"SANFER M\u00e9xico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety and depression, key symptoms of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome in human addicts, are considered the main factors that precipitate relapse in chronic cocaine addiction. Preclinical studies have found that rodents exposed to different withdrawal periods show an increase in anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Mirtazapine \u2013 a tetracyclic medication \u2013 is used primarily to treat depression and, sometimes, anxiety. It has also successfully improved withdrawal symptoms in drug-dependent patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to determine whether chronic dosing of mirtazapine during cocaine withdrawal reduced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors that characterize cocaine withdrawal in animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cocaine pre-treated Wistar rats were subjected to a 60-day cocaine withdrawal period during which depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated in open field tests (OFT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM), the light\u2013dark box test (LDT), the forced swimming test (FST) and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that chronic dosing with different doses of mirtazapine (30 and 60 mg\/kg) decreased depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by different doses of cocaine (10, 20 and 40 mg\/kg) during the 60-day cocaine withdrawal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results suggest that the pharmacological effect of mirtazapine on its target sites of action (\u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -adrenergic and 5-HT\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 5-HT\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors) within the brain may improve depression- and anxiety-like behaviors for long periods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therefore, the findings support the use of mirtazapine as a potentially effective therapy to reduce anxiety and depressive-like behavior during cocaine withdrawal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119840521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T05:31:34Z","timestamp":1555997494000},"page":"589-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mirtazapine attenuates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats during cocaine withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Barbosa M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda Conductual, Microcirug\u00eda y Terap\u00e9utica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda, 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