{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:21:25Z","timestamp":1793683285207,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is commonly recommended that a switch to clozapine be implemented in the face of tardive dyskinesia, even if current treatment involves another \u201catypical\u201d agent. However, reports do indicate clozapine carries a liability for tardive dyskinesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review sought to evaluate clozapine in relation to tardive dyskinesia in the context of available evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English, using the keywords: clozapine AND tardive dyskinesia OR TD. References from major review articles were searched for additional relevant publications. Studies were included if they investigated: tardive dyskinesia in clozapine-treated patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and reported on two or more assessments of tardive dyskinesia severity measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; or clozapine\u2019s tardive dyskinesia liability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 513 unique citations were identified and 29 reports met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies suggest clozapine reduces dyskinetic symptoms over time ( n=905 clozapine-treated participants); however, the minimum required dose and effect of withdrawal requires further investigation. The majority of reports which address clozapine\u2019s liability for tardive dyskinesia are case studies (11 of 14 reports, 79%), and clozapine was only the first-line treatment in one of the remaining three studies reporting treatment-emergent dyskinetic symptoms with clozapine in 12% of patients. No significant between-drug differences were identified comparing clozapine\u2019s risk to other atypical antipsychotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research to date supports switching to clozapine for the purpose of reducing tardive dyskinesia risk and\/or treating existing tardive dyskinesia, but prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary if we are to substantiate existing recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119862535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T05:15:53Z","timestamp":1564118153000},"page":"1187-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Clozapine and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic 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