{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:25:28Z","timestamp":1787682328935,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"USPHS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DA011792, DA043204, AA016179, MH096463, and NS076517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA011792, DA043204, AA016179, MH096463, and NS076517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In recent years, pharmacological strategies have implicated\u2009\u03b13 subunit-containing GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u03b13GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) receptor subtypes in the anxiety-reducing effects of benzodiazepines, whereas transgenic mouse approaches have implicated\u2009\u03b12 or\u2009\u03b15 subunit-containing GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated the role of\u2009\u03b13GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      subtypes in benzodiazepine-induced behaviors by evaluating the anti-conflict, reinforcing, and sedative-motor effects of the novel compound YT-III-31, which has functional selectivity for\u2009\u03b13GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female and male rhesus monkeys were trained under a conflict procedure ( n\u2009=\u20093), and a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement with midazolam as the training drug ( n\u2009=\u20094). Sedative-like behavior was assessed using a quantitative behavioral observation procedure ( n\u2009=\u20094). A range of doses of YT-III-31 was administered in all tests using the i.v. route of administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the conflict procedure, increasing doses of YT-III-31 resulted only in dose-dependent attenuation of non-suppressed responding. In the progressive-ratio model of self-administration, YT-III-31 maintained average injections\/session above vehicle levels at 0.1 and 0.18\u2009mg\/kg\/injection. In quantitative observation procedures, YT-III-31 engendered mild sedative effects (\u201crest\/sleep posture\u201d), and deep sedation at the highest dose tested (5.6\u2009mg\/kg, i.v.), along with a suppression of tactile\/oral exploration and increased observable ataxia. In contrast to other benzodiazepine-like ligands, YT-III-31 uniquely engendered a biphasic dose-response function for locomotion and suppressed self-groom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The finding that YT-III-31 lacked anti-conflict properties is in accordance with transgenic mouse research indicating no role for\u2009\u03b13GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      subtypes in benzodiazepine-mediated anxiety reduction. Instead, our results raise the possibility of a role for\u2009\u03b13GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors in the abuse potential and sedative effects of benzodiazepine-type drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119882803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T11:25:29Z","timestamp":1572521129000},"page":"348-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the anti-conflict, reinforcing, and sedative effects of YT-III-31, a ligand functionally selective for\u2009\u03b13 subunit-containing GABA\n                    <sub>A<\/sub>\n                    receptors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"},{"name":"New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, USA"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, CHINA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lais F","family":"Berro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen K","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, USA"},{"name":"uniQure Inc., Lexington, MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"R\u00fcedi-Bettschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemma E","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanguan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"},{"name":"New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry 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