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We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ayahuasca with treatment-resistant depression patients ( n = 28) and healthy controls ( n = 45).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We are evaluating the blood inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, as a potential consequence of ayahuasca intake and their correlation with serum cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Blood samples were collected at pre-treatment and 48\u2009hours after substance ingestion to assess the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers, together with administration of the Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At pre-treatment, patients showed higher C-reactive protein levels than healthy controls and a significant negative correlation between C-reactive protein and serum cortisol levels was revealed ( rho = \u20130.40, n = 14). C-reactive protein in those patients was not correlated with Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale scores. We observed a significant reduction of C-reactive protein levels across time in both patients and controls treated with ayahuasca, but not with placebo. Patients treated with ayahuasca showed a significant correlation ( rho = +\u20090.57) between larger reductions of C-reactive protein and lower depressive symptoms at 48\u2009hours after substance ingestion (Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale). No significant result with respect to interleukin 6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was found. Furthermore, these biomarkers did not predict the antidepressant response or remission rates observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings enhance the understanding of the biological mechanisms behind the observed antidepressant effects of ayahuasca and encourage further clinical trials in adults with depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120936486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T08:33:50Z","timestamp":1594370030000},"page":"1125-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Changes in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of 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