{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T14:22:30Z","timestamp":1783520550845,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lithium is an effective treatment in pregnancy and postpartum for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder, but there is a lack of knowledge about the potential adverse impact on fetal development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the impact of lithium exposure on early fetal growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included all singleton pregnancies of women using lithium and referred for advanced fetal ultrasound scanning between 1994 and 2018 to the University Medical Centers in Leiden and Rotterdam, the Netherlands ( n=119). The Generation R study, a population-based cohort, served as a non-exposed control population from the same geographic region ( n=8184). Fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and transcerebellar diameter were measured by ultrasound at 18\u201322\u2009weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in head circumference of 1.77\u2009mm (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 3.01), in abdominal circumference of 5.54\u2009mm (95% confidence interval: 3.95, 7.12) and in femur length of 0.59\u2009mm (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.96) at 18\u201322\u2009weeks gestation. Furthermore, lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in birth weight of 142.43\u2009grams (95% confidence interval: 58.01, 226.89), whereas it was associated with an average decrease of 1.41\u2009weeks in gestational duration (95% confidence interval: \u22121.78, \u22121.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lithium use during pregnancy was associated with increased fetal growth parameters at 18\u201322\u2009weeks gestational age and increased birth weight. Further research is needed to evaluate both short- and long-term implications, as well as the mechanisms driving this difference in growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120940914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T04:51:06Z","timestamp":1595220666000},"page":"178-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fetal growth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline MP","family":"Poels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sterrenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 I","family":"Wierdsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wesseloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemerle","family":"Beerthuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"van Dijke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Condon","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witte JG","family":"Hoogendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan El","family":"Marroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge L","family":"van Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilmar H","family":"Bijma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Bergink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6761.1111"},{"key":"bibr2-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808"},{"key":"bibr3-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.019"},{"key":"bibr4-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.12111402"},{"key":"bibr5-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2333"},{"key":"bibr6-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19030228"},{"key":"bibr7-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60857-0"},{"key":"bibr8-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"bibr9-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2013"},{"key":"bibr10-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.01.011"},{"key":"bibr11-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90346-5"},{"key":"bibr12-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9022-0"},{"key":"bibr13-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2009.01023.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003"},{"key":"bibr15-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0039-0"},{"key":"bibr16-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12"},{"key":"bibr17-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30180-9"},{"key":"bibr18-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.11.2162"},{"key":"bibr19-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91918-7"},{"key":"bibr20-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16020138"},{"key":"bibr21-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1708919"},{"key":"bibr22-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20272"},{"key":"bibr23-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.08.012"},{"key":"bibr24-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-019-0151-2"},{"key":"bibr25-0269881120940914","first-page":"123","volume":"13","author":"Troyer WA","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"bibr26-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.012"},{"key":"bibr27-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.09.013"},{"key":"bibr28-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06101639"},{"key":"bibr29-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15010124"},{"key":"bibr30-0269881120940914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00867.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269881120940914","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0269881120940914","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269881120940914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:10:17Z","timestamp":1777507817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881120940914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0269881120940914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881120940914","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]}}}