{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:14:01Z","timestamp":1790327641091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603497600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC TRR 58 A1\/A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC TRR 58 A1\/A5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC TRR 58 A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC TRR 58 A5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRU 125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRU 125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 NS069667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 NS069667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"5-100 Russian Academic Excellence Project"},{"name":"Beth and Nate Tross Epilepsy Research Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["728018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["728018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001645","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERA-Net NEURON\/RESPOND","award":["01EW1602B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1602B"]}]},{"name":"ERA-Net NEURON\/DECODE","award":["01EW1902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1902"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inhaling 35% carbon dioxide induces an emotional and symptomatic state in humans closely resembling naturally occurring panic attacks, the core symptom of panic disorder. Previous research has suggested a role of the serotonin system in the individual sensitivity to carbon dioxide. In line with this, we previously showed that a variant in the SLC6A4 gene, encoding the serotonin transporter, moderates the fear response to carbon dioxide in humans. To study the etiological basis of carbon dioxide-reactivity and panic attacks in more detail, we recently established a translational mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decreased expression of the serotonin transporter affects the sensitivity to carbon dioxide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our previous work, wildtype and serotonin transporter deficient (+\/\u2013, \u2013\/\u2013) mice were monitored while being exposed to carbon dioxide-enriched air. In wildtype and serotonin transporter +\/\u2013 mice, also cardio-respiration was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For most behavioral measures under air exposure, wildtype and serotonin transporter +\/\u2013 mice did not differ, while serotonin transporter \u2013\/\u2013 mice showed more fear-related behavior. Carbon dioxide exposure evoked a marked increase in fear-related behaviors, independent of genotype, with the exception of time serotonin transporter \u2013\/\u2013 mice spent in the center zone of the modified open field test and freezing in the two-chamber test. On the physiological level, when inhaling carbon dioxide, the respiratory system was strongly activated and heart rate decreased independent of genotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbon dioxide is a robust fear-inducing stimulus. It evokes inhibitory behavioral responses such as decreased exploration and is associated with a clear respiratory profile independent of serotonin transporter genotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120959611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T04:50:11Z","timestamp":1603515011000},"page":"1408-1417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of serotonin transporter genotype on carbon dioxide-induced fear-related behavior in mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole K","family":"Leibold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel LA","family":"van den Hove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena T","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon F","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA"},{"name":"University of Iowa Graduate College, Iowa City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry WM","family":"Steinbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technoglogy (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen RJ","family":"Schruers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.02.001"},{"key":"bibr2-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145703003237"},{"key":"bibr4-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3775363"},{"key":"bibr5-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20048"},{"key":"bibr6-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811030173002"},{"key":"bibr7-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106063889"},{"key":"bibr8-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118784872"},{"key":"bibr9-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199704000-00006"},{"key":"bibr10-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0338-8"},{"key":"bibr11-0269881120959611","volume-title":"An Ethoexperimental Analysis of Defense, Fear and Anxiety","author":"Blanchard RJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr12-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.2029"},{"key":"bibr13-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-08850.2002"},{"key":"bibr14-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018637"},{"key":"bibr15-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0741-4"},{"key":"bibr16-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111415729"},{"key":"bibr17-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05790.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.12.004"},{"key":"bibr19-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.014142"},{"key":"bibr20-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.5.405"},{"key":"bibr21-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000987"},{"key":"bibr22-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.001"},{"key":"bibr23-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2008.042424"},{"key":"bibr24-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109353464"},{"key":"bibr25-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.38"},{"key":"bibr26-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078238"},{"key":"bibr27-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.10.012"},{"key":"bibr28-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.08.022"},{"key":"bibr29-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.04.001"},{"key":"bibr30-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.162"},{"key":"bibr31-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.06.004"},{"key":"bibr32-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.04.011"},{"key":"bibr33-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.152231"},{"key":"bibr34-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.2.182"},{"key":"bibr35-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.3.523"},{"key":"bibr36-0269881120959611","first-page":"661","volume":"109","author":"Mitchell RA","year":"1963","journal-title":"Regul Respiration"},{"key":"bibr37-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445503256316"},{"key":"bibr38-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4167-07.2007"},{"key":"bibr39-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.840"},{"key":"bibr40-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.10.008"},{"key":"bibr41-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200206000-00011"},{"key":"bibr42-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00485-X"},{"key":"bibr43-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(00)90088-5"},{"key":"bibr44-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1409"},{"key":"bibr45-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110372543"},{"key":"bibr46-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00006-X"},{"key":"bibr47-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110401800413"},{"key":"bibr48-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00117-7"},{"key":"bibr49-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00262-7"},{"key":"bibr50-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1422"},{"key":"bibr51-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)02010-1"},{"key":"bibr52-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1680-14.2014"},{"key":"bibr53-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.04.022"},{"key":"bibr54-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.01.003"},{"key":"bibr55-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.029"},{"key":"bibr56-0269881120959611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2132"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269881120959611","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0269881120959611","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269881120959611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:10:22Z","timestamp":1777507822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881120959611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0269881120959611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881120959611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]}}}