{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:31:09Z","timestamp":1777858269488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021155","name":"Janeway Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009408","name":"Fondation Brain Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009408","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressant drugs in adolescent depression are sometimes mired by efficacy issues and paradoxical effects. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could represent an alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\/methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested the antidepressant action of prefrontal tDCS and paroxetine (20\u2009mg\/kg, intraperitoneal) in olfactory bulbectomised (OBX) adolescent rats. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and in situ hybridisation, we examined treatment-induced changes in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain serotonin transporter (SERT) and 5-HT-1A mRNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OBX-induced anhedonia-like reductions in sucrose preference (SP) correlated with open field (OF) hyperactivity. These were accompanied by decreased zif268 mRNA in the piriform\/amygdalopiriform transition area, and increased zif268 mRNA in the hypothalamus. Acute paroxetine (2\u2009days) led to a profound SP reduction, an effect blocked by combined tDCS\u2013paroxetine administration. Chronic (14\u2009days) tDCS attenuated hyperlocomotion and its combination with paroxetine blocked OBX-induced SP reduction. Correlations among BDNF, SP and hyperlocomotion scores were altered by OBX but were normalised by tDCS\u2013paroxetine co-treatment. In the brain, paroxetine increased zif268 mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 subregion and decreased it in the claustrum. This effect was blocked by tDCS co-administration, which also increased zif268 in CA2. tDCS-paroxetine co-treatment had variable effects on 5-HT1A receptors and SERT mRNA. 5-HT1A receptor changes were found exclusively within depression-related parahippocampal\/hippocampal subregions, and SERT changes within fear\/defensive response-modulating brainstem circuits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings point towards potential synergistic efficacies of tDCS and paroxetine in the OBX model of adolescent depression via mechanisms associated with altered expression of BDNF, 5-HT1A, SERT and zif268 in discrete corticolimbic areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  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