{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:31:11Z","timestamp":1777858271047,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased traumatic brain injury (TBI) risk was found in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). Whether the medications for BPD and dosage moderate the risk of TBI is not clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether an association exists between BPD and TBI and whether the prescription of psychotropics moderates TBI risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 5606 individuals who had received diagnoses of BPD between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2013 and 56,060 matched controls without BPD were identified from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database. Cases and controls were followed until the date of TBI diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BPD was associated with a high risk of TBI (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.85; 95% CI: 1.62\u20132.11). Patients with BPD, with or without a history of psychiatric hospitalization, had increased risks of TBI (aHR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.57\u20132.4 and aHR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55\u20132.1, respectively). The prescription of typical antipsychotics (0\u2009&lt;\u2009defined daily dose (DDD)\u2009&lt;\u200928: hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20091.52, 95% CI: 1.19\u20131.94; \u2a7e28 DDD: HR\u2009=\u20091.54, 95% CI: 1.15\u20132.06) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (0\u2009&lt;\u2009DDD\u2009&lt;\u200928: HR\u2009=\u20091.73, 95% CI: 1.26\u20132.39; \u2a7e28 DDD: HR\u2009=\u20091.52, 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.25) was associated with higher TBI risk. Patients receiving higher doses of benzodiazepines (BZDs) (cumulative dose \u2a7e28 DDD) had a higher TBI risk (HR\u2009=\u20091.53, 95% CI: 1.13\u20132.06).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with BPD have a higher risk of TBI. The use of typical antipsychotics, TCAs, or high-dose BZDs increases the risk of TBI in BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211013582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T07:12:08Z","timestamp":1620025928000},"page":"962-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of medication on risk of traumatic brain injury in patients with bipolar disorder: A nationwide population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yin-To","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hui","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mong-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wanfang Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ko-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Hsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Cheng","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Chin-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 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