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Increasing numbers of individuals in England take ketamine recreationally. Information on deaths arising from such use in England is presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases were extracted on 31 January 2020 from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths database, based on text searches of the cause of death, coroner\u2019s verdict and positive toxicology results for the terms \u2018ketamine\u2019 or \u2018norketamine\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During 1997\u20132005, there were &lt;5 deaths p.a. in which ketamine was implicated. Numbers increased until 2009 (21), plateauing until 2016; thereafter, deaths have risen to about 30 p.a. Decedents\u2019 characteristics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 283): male 84.1%, mean age 31.2 (SD 10.0) years, employed 56.5%, drug use history 79.6% and living with others 60.3%. Ketamine was detected with other substances in most cases. Main (74.6%) underlying cause of death was accidental poisoning. Ketamine may have impaired judgement in other cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although controlled, recreational ketamine use and related fatalities continue to increase. Consumers need to be more aware of the potentially fatal risks they face.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211021588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T03:06:21Z","timestamp":1622862381000},"page":"1324-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Recreational ketamine-related deaths notified to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, England, 1997\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3849-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Martin","family":"Corkery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Chu","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Claridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Goodair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline S","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Schifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"ACMD (2004) ACMD Technical Committee: Report on Ketamine. 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