{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:24:48Z","timestamp":1784867088982,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eleusis Benefit Corp"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Classic psychedelics hold promise as therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, but require scalable intervention protocols. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and subjective effects of 50, 75, and 100\u2009\u00b5g lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy adults within a novel intervention paradigm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Up to three participants were administered LSD on the same day in separate rooms, each with a single attendant, after 1\u2009day of preparation. An open-label design and a double-blind placebo-controlled design were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-one percent of participants completed the study. Thirty-two adults (mean age\u2009=\u200928.8\u2009years) received 50 (n\u2009=\u20093), 75 (n\u2009=\u20097), 100 (n\u2009=\u20093) LSD, 50\u2009\u00b5g followed by 75\u2009\u00b5g LSD (n\u2009=\u20099) 1\u2009week apart, or placebo followed by a 75 \u00b5g LSD (n\u2009=\u200910) 1\u2009week apart. There were no serious adverse events. Twenty-eight percent of participants experienced at least one expected mild adverse event, with one expected moderate adverse event. The maximum blood plasma levels occurred between 1.2 and 2\u2009h post-administration, with an apparent half-life between 2.8 and 4.3\u2009h. LSD largely induced greater subjective effects versus placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current novel intervention paradigm, 50, 75, and 100\u2009\u00b5g LSD are tolerable with favourable safety profiles in healthy adults, only mild adverse events during the day of drug administration, and mystical-type subjective experiences. Future studies are needed to evaluate safety, tolerability, subjective effects, and cost-effectiveness in clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211069103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T06:09:19Z","timestamp":1646633359000},"page":"321-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and subjective effects of 50, 75, and 100 \u00b5g LSD in healthy participants within a novel intervention paradigm: A proof-of-concept study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neiloufar","family":"Family","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eleusis Health Solutions Ltd., London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke TJ","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eleusis Health Solutions Ltd., London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0129-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin","family":"Krediet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eleusis Health Solutions Ltd., London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emeline L","family":"Maillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eleusis Therapeutics US, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomi","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eleusis Health Solutions US, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100538"},{"key":"bibr2-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59282-y"},{"key":"bibr3-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019"},{"key":"bibr4-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.03.876"},{"issue":"15","key":"bibr5-02698811211069103","first-page":"1402","volume":"384","author":"Carhart-Harris R","year":"2021","journal-title":"Massachusetts Medical Society"},{"key":"bibr6-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3714-z"},{"key":"bibr7-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002901"},{"key":"bibr8-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754710"},{"key":"bibr9-02698811211069103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518377113"},{"key":"bibr10-02698811211069103","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (no date)\n                      LSD Treatment in persons suffering from anxiety symptoms in severe somatic diseases or in psychiatric anxiety disorders\n                      . 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