{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:55:47Z","timestamp":1784544947918,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD), a major cannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, is widely consumed in prescription and non-prescription products. While CBD is generally considered \u2018non-intoxicating\u2019, its effects on safety-sensitive tasks are still under scrutiny.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the effects of CBD on driving performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Healthy adults ( n\u2009=\u200917) completed four treatment sessions involving the oral administration of a placebo, or 15, 300 or 1500\u2009mg CBD in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Simulated driving performance was assessed between ~45\u201375 and ~210\u2013240\u2009min post-treatment (Drives 1 and 2) using a two-part scenario with \u2018standard\u2019 and \u2018car following\u2019 (CF) components. The primary outcome was standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a well-established measure of vehicular control. Cognitive function, subjective experiences and plasma CBD concentrations were also measured. Non-inferiority analyses tested the hypothesis that CBD would not increase SDLP by more than a margin equivalent to a 0.05% blood alcohol concentration (Cohen\u2019s d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.50).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-inferiority was established during the standard component of Drive 1 and CF component of Drive 2 on all CBD treatments and during the standard component of Drive 2 on the 15 and 1500\u2009mg treatments (95% CIs\u2009&lt;\u20090.5). The remaining comparisons to placebo were inconclusive (the 95% CIs included 0 and 0.50). No dose of CBD impaired cognition or induced feelings of intoxication ( ps\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). CBD was unexpectedly found to persist in plasma for prolonged periods of time (e.g. &gt;4\u2009weeks at 1500\u2009mg).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute, oral CBD treatment does not appear to induce feelings of intoxication and is unlikely to impair cognitive function or driving performance (Registration: ACTRN12619001552178).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221095356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T01:30:10Z","timestamp":1653960610000},"page":"1338-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effects of cannabidiol on simulated driving and cognitive performance: A dose-ranging randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"McCartney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia S","family":"Suraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T","family":"Doohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C","family":"Kevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"RPA-Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla M","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain S","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 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