{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:44:46Z","timestamp":1793159086957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recreational lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use is growing in popularity amid increasing research interest on psychedelics and their possible therapeutic potential yet; the potent psychotropic effects of LSD may result in adverse reactions and behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the 12-month incidence and nature of LSD-related adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment (EMT) seeking in an international sample of people reporting LSD use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We use data from the 2017 Global Drug Survey \u2013 a large anonymous online survey on patterns of drug use conducted between November 2016 and January 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 10,293 past-year LSD users, 102 (1.0%) reported seeking EMT, with a per-event risk estimate of 0.2%. Younger age, comorbid mental health conditions and higher frequency of use were associated with increased risk of EMT seeking. The most common symptoms were psychological, including anxiety, panic and confusion, with the most common explanatory factors cited by respondents being poor \u2018setting\u2019 and \u2018mindset\u2019. Most responders reported feeling back to normal within 24\u2009h, but 11 participants experienced persistent issues after 4\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that LSD is a relatively safe drug in recreational settings. Adverse reactions are typically short-lived, self-limiting and psychological in nature. Sub-optimal set and setting were commonly reported as suspected contributory factors. Within clinical settings, patient screening, preparatory sessions and supervision should reduce these acute risks considerably.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221099650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:23:57Z","timestamp":1654647837000},"page":"956-964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4447-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma I","family":"Kopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4647-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J","family":"Rucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan H","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline S","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"National Programme of Substance Abuse Deaths, Population Health Research Institute, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7854-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam R","family":"Winstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Global Drug Survey, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Multiple correspondence analysis","volume":"2","author":"Abdi H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abdi H, Valentin D (2007) Multiple correspondence analysis. Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics 2(4): 651\u2013657.","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the Cia\u2019s Secret Cold War Experiments","author":"Albarelli HP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Albarelli HP (2009) A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the Cia\u2019s Secret Cold War Experiments. Walterville, OR: Trine Day."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178221817716391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116678781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120959637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204267900900207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116662634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.017160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659890903271624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196001000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"COMPASS Pathways (2021) COMPASS Pathways Announces Positive Outcome of 25Mg COMP360 Psilocybin Therapy as Adjunct to SSRI Antidepressants in Open-label Treatment-resistant Depression Study. Available at: https:\/\/compasspathways.com\/positive-outcome-25mg-comp360-psilocybin-therapy-adjunct-ssri-antidepressants-open-label-treatment-resistant-depression-study\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","volume-title":"National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD)","author":"Copeland C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Copeland C (2021) National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD). London: St George\u2019s, University of London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0513-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4.2.e13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","unstructured":"Global Drug Survey (2014) GDS: The Highway Code. Available at: https:\/\/www.globaldrugsurvey.com\/brand\/the-highway-code\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.645246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","unstructured":"gov.uk (2019) Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/drug-misuse-findings-from-the-2018-to-2019-csew"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"gov.uk (2010) Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) 2010. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/drug-misuse-declared-findings-from-the-2009-10-british-crime-survey-england-and-wales"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1202459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","article-title":"Turn on, tune in, and drop out: Identifying predictors of attrition in observational psychedelic research (Preprint)","volume":"23","author":"H\u00fcbner S","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00fcbner S, Haijen E, Kaelen M, et al. (2020) Turn on, tune in, and drop out: Identifying predictors of attrition in observational psychedelic research (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 23: e25973.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pan.a004868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221084063."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118793086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05876-x."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","first-page":"555","article-title":"Caring for the \u2018bad trip\u2019. A review of current status of LSD","volume":"29","author":"Martin CM","year":"1970","unstructured":"Martin CM (1970) Caring for the \u2018bad trip\u2019. A review of current status of LSD. Hawaii Medical Journal 29(7): 555\u2013560.","journal-title":"Hawaii Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1977.10472036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750070037005"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium","volume":"54","author":"Nayak SM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nayak SM, Gukasyan N, Barrett FS, et al. (2021) Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium. Pharmacopsychiatry 54(5): 240\u2013245.","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/jrs050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120953994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116679368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cns0000169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00014-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198410000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146518814251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0022-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","volume-title":"Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2019 Key Findings Report","author":"Winstock AR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winstock AR, Barratt MJ, Maier LJ, et al. (2019) Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2019 Key Findings Report. London: Global Drug Survey."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","volume-title":"Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2021 Key Findings Report","author":"Winstock AR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Winstock AR, Maier LJ, Zhuparris A, et al. (2021) Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2021 Key Findings Report. London: Global Drug Survey."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","volume-title":"Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates (No. WHO\/MSD\/MER\/2017.2). Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00078"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811221099650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02698811221099650","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811221099650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:11:03Z","timestamp":1777507863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02698811221099650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02698811221099650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811221099650","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]}}}