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After recording the baseline responses of the tail-flick test, the prey were pretreated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) antagonist AM251 (selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 8\u2009nM) at different doses, which were followed after 10\u2009min by i.p. treatment with CBD (3\u2009mg\/kg). Thirty minutes after treatment with CBD, mice were subjected to confrontations by B. jararaca for 5\u2009min, and the following defensive responses were recorded: risk assessment, oriented escape behaviour, inhibitory avoidance and prey-versus-snake interactions. Immediately after the escape behaviour was exhibited, the tail-flick latencies were recorded every 5\u2009min for 30\u2009min.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mice threatened by snakes displayed several anti-predatory defensive and innate fear-induced antinociception responses in comparison to the control. CBD significantly decreased the risk assessment and escape responses, with a consequent decrease in defensive antinociception. The CBD panicolytic effect was reversed by i.p. treatment with AM251.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that the anti-aversive effect of CBD depends at least in part on the recruitment of CB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221115755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:13:48Z","timestamp":1660115628000},"page":"1384-1396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["CB\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    receptor signalling mediates cannabidiol-induced panicolytic-like effects and defensive antinociception impairment in mice threatened by\n                    <i>Bothrops jararaca<\/i>\n                    lancehead pit vipers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Bruno Mangili","family":"de Paula Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP\/INeC, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto 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