{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:51:16Z","timestamp":1790653876836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01DA-18-8936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01DA-18-8936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The underground market is constantly flooded with newer synthetic as alternatives to the older cathinones. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has identified four cathinone compounds of particular concern: 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP), 4-chloro-\u03b1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP), alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexiophenone (\u03b1-PiHP) and 4-chloro-pentedrone (4-Cl-pentedrone).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aimed to evaluate the behavioral pharmacology of four synthetic cathinones<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP, 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP, \u03b1-PiHP, and 4-CPD were tested for locomotor activity in mice and in a drug discrimination assay with rats trained to discriminate either methamphetamine or cocaine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Locomotor stimulant effects of 3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP ((effective dose) ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.98 mg\/kg), \u03b1-PiHP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 2.46 mg\/kg), and 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 7.18 mg\/kg) were observed within 10 min following injection and lasted from 2 to 3.5 h. The stimulant action of 4-CPD (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 17.24 mg\/kg) was delayed, occurring 40\u201370 min following injection. The maximal motor stimulant actions of 3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP and \u03b1-PiHP 1 were equivalent to that of cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4-CPD (50% of cocaine) and 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP (73% of cocaine) were less efficacious. All of the test compounds fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine, 3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 2.28 mg\/kg), \u03b1-PiHP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 3.84 mg\/kg), and 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 15.56 mg\/kg). Only 3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.65 mg\/kg), \u03b1-PiHP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.87 mg\/kg), and 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 9.79 mg\/kg) fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine. 4-Cl-pentedrone caused 55\u201370% methamphetamine-appropriate responding at doses that also suppressed responding and produced convulsions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data indicate that 3,4-MD-\u03b1-PHP, \u03b1-PiHP, and 4-Cl-\u03b1-PPP have a potential for abuse similar to that of methamphetamine and cocaine. In contrast, 4-Cl-pentedrone may not be popular for recreational use due to its convulsant effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221142566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T01:17:01Z","timestamp":1675473421000},"page":"520-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of locomotor stimulant and drug discrimination effects of four synthetic cathinones to commonly abused psychostimulants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu A.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Hoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Sumien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B.","family":"Gatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1502443"},{"key":"bibr2-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2019.101626"},{"key":"bibr3-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.204"},{"key":"bibr4-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1370097"},{"key":"bibr5-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-017-0360-2","volume":"35","author":"B\u0142a\u017cewicz A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"bibr6-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5063-9"},{"key":"bibr7-02698811221142566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5129-8"},{"key":"bibr8-02698811221142566","unstructured":"DEA USDEA (2016) Schedules of controlled substances: Placement of 10 synthetic cathinones into schedule I. 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