{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:32:12Z","timestamp":1777858332699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary evidence suggest clozapine is associated with more favorable impact on concurrent substance use disorder related outcomes in patients with concurrent schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). At the same time, there is a dearth of evidence with regards to clozapine outcomes in the context of concurrent methamphetamine or amphetamine use disorder (MAUD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether clozapine use decreases rate of methamphetamine or amphetamine (MA) relapses and increases the likelihood of maintaining abstinence from any MA use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive-analytic retrospective cohort study was conducted on individuals with SSD-MAUD in an inpatient provincial treatment and rehabilitation center for concurrent disorders. Antipsychotic exposure was categorized as \u201con clozapine\u201d or \u201con other antipsychotic(s).\u201d Data were collected using electronic health records. Logistic regression was used to examine association of clozapine treatment with likelihood of complete abstinence from MA use for the duration of antipsychotic exposure. Negative binomial regression was used to examine association of clozapine treatment with rate of MA relapses for the duration of antipsychotic exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of the 87 included patients were male. Ethnicity was diverse, with the largest groups self-identifying as Indigenous and European. Clozapine use was both associated with increased likelihood of maintaining abstinence from MA use (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20093.05, 95% confidence intervals (CI)\u2009=\u20091.15\u20138.1, p\u2009=\u20090.025), and decreased rate of MA relapses (aRR\u2009=\u20090.45, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.25\u20130.82, p\u2009=\u20090.009) for the duration of antipsychotic exposure. Co-prescription of psychostimulants was associated with increased rate of MA relapses (aRR\u2009=\u20092.43, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.16\u20135.10, p\u2009=\u20090.019).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, clozapine use compared with other antipsychotics in SSD was associated with improved outcomes related to severe concurrent MAUD. Co-prescription of psychostimulant medications was associated with a poor outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231191781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T08:30:53Z","timestamp":1691137853000},"page":"1040-1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of clozapine treatment and rate of methamphetamine or amphetamine relapses and abstinence among individuals with concurrent schizophrenia spectrum and amphetamine use disorder: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4163-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Rafizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health & Addiction, Coquitlam, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Frankow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajer","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukhpreet","family":"Poonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickie","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health & Addiction, Coquitlam, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Danilewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad A","family":"Bousman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G","family":"Honer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian G","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health & Addiction, Coquitlam, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02698811231191781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00124.x"},{"key":"bibr2-02698811231191781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135"},{"key":"bibr3-02698811231191781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0837-2_15"},{"key":"bibr4-02698811231191781","volume-title":"House of commons standing committee on health. 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