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Our previous studies showed that stress and drug exposure can modulate the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-5-HT system via \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA)\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors. Moreover, GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonergic DRN neurons is required for stress-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim\/methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To further test the role of GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors in the 5-HT system in stress and opioid-sensitive behaviors, our current study generated mice with conditional genetic deletions of the GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u03b11 subunit to manipulate GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors in either the DRN or the entire population of 5-HT neurons. The GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u03b11 subunit is a constituent of the most abundant GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      subtype in the brain and the most highly expressed subunit in 5-HT DRN neurons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results showed that mice with DRN-specific knockout of \u03b11-GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors exhibited a normal phenotype in tests of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as swim stress-induced reinstatement of morphine-conditioned place preference. By contrast, mice with 5-HT neuron-specific knockout of \u03b11-GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors exhibited an anxiolytic phenotype at baseline and increased sensitivity to post-morphine withdrawal-induced anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data suggest that GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors on 5-HT neurons contribute to anxiety-like behaviors and sensitivity of those behaviors to opioid withdrawal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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