{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:09:58Z","timestamp":1790446198021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["155055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["155055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["156045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["156045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanisms underlying psychostimulant euphoria remain poorly understood. In adult rats, positive emotional states are associated with alterations in 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs): specifically, \u201ctrill\u201d calls are promoted over \u201cflat\u201d calls. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and repeated cocaine administration, and\u2014based on previous findings with amphetamine\u2014their possible dependence on beta-adrenergic receptors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult male Long-Evans rats received intraperitoneal drug or saline injections before daily USV recording. Fourteen 50-kHz call subtypes were analyzed. In Experiments 1 and 2, cocaine (1\u201310\u2009mg\/kg) and propranolol (10\u2009mg\/kg) were tested alone. In Experiment 3, propranolol\/cocaine interactions were sought within a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Experiment 4 investigated acute and chronic cocaine effects (Phase 1), and propranolol\/cocaine interactions either in an open field (Phase 2) or within a CPP procedure (Phase 3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In drug-na\u00efve animals, cocaine increased the 50-kHz call rate, with sensitization developing rapidly. After more extended exposure, cocaine now also increased the relative prevalence of trill versus flat calls; effects on other subtypes were also revealed. The beta-blocker propranolol prevented neither cocaine CPP nor cocaine effects on USV emission or locomotion but exerted significant USV-related effects when given alone. CPP magnitude and USV-related measures were uncorrelated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With long-term intraperitoneal administration, cocaine can alter the relative prevalence of several 50-kHz call subtypes; its ability to promote trill versus flat calls, in particular, is consistent with a positive affect interpretation. Cocaine\u2019s behavioral effects (i.e., USV-related, locomotor, CPP) appear independent of beta-adrenergic receptor activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241268894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T03:12:41Z","timestamp":1723432361000},"page":"1025-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations and reward: Effects of propranolol and repeated cocaine administration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Erden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adithi","family":"Sundarakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill 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