{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:32:46Z","timestamp":1777858366879,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 945151."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 945151."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Research on the pharmacogenetic influence of hepatic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP450<\/jats:italic>\n                      enzyme 2D6 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on metabolism of drugs for psychosis and associated outcome has been inconclusive. Some results suggest increased risk of adverse reactions in poor and intermediate metabolizers, while others find no relationship. However, retrospective designs may fail to account for the long-term pharmacological treatment of patients. Previous studies found that clinicians adapted risperidone dose successfully without knowledge of patient\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we aimed to replicate the results of those studies in a Dutch cohort of patients with psychosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009418) on pharmacological treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared chlorpromazine-equivalent dose between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      metabolizer phenotypes and investigated which factors were associated with dosage. This was repeated in two smaller subsets; patients prescribed pharmacogenetics-actionable drugs according to published guidelines, and risperidone-only as done previously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found no relationship between chlorpromazine-equivalent dose and phenotype in any sample (complete sample:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.3, actionable-subset:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.82, risperidone-only:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.34). Only clozapine dose was weakly associated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinicians were thus not intuitively adapting dose to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity in this sample, nor was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity associated with prescribed dose. Although the previous studies could not be replicated, this study may provide support for existing and future pharmacogenetic research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241279022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T04:32:54Z","timestamp":1727670774000},"page":"1111-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unidentified\n                    <i>CYP2D6<\/i>\n                    genotype does not affect pharmacological treatment for patients with first episode psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma Y","family":"De Brabander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"van Amelsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roos","family":"van Westrhenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Parnassia Groep BV, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"St. John\u2019s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"GROUP Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v2.i5.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00006.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12111758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04850-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsmen.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-023-01347-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Medication adherence in schizophrenia: Patient perspectives and the clinical utility of paliperidone ER","volume":"2","author":"Birnbaum M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Birnbaum M, Sharif Z (2008) Medication adherence in schizophrenia: Patient perspectives and the clinical utility of paliperidone ER. Patient Prefer Adher 2: 233\u2013240.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adher"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-019-0142-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"R-squared measures for count data regression models with applications to health-care utilization","volume":"14","author":"Cameron AC","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cameron AC, Windmeijer FAG (1996) R-squared measures for count data regression models with applications to health-care utilization. J Business Econ Statist 14: 209\u2013220.","journal-title":"J Business Econ Statist"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(96)01818-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"CPIC (2023) Prioritization of CPIC Guidelines. Available at: https:\/\/cpicpgx.org\/prioritization-of-cpic-guidelines\/ (accessed 23 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Brabander E Breddels E investigators G et al. (2024) Clinical effects of CYP2D6 phenoconversion in patients with psychosis.","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241278844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.531763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1237446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Flockhart DA Thacker D McDonald C et al. (2021) The Flockhart Cytochrome P450 Drug-Drug Interaction Table. Available at: https:\/\/drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu\/ (accessed 13 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.825581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm8020015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000129496.05898.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-023-00356-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S42735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125318781475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31135-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1613965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-018-0126-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2011.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30088-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.19087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000223734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0054-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23373-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2010.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","unstructured":"Mazerolle MJ (2023) AICcmodavg: Model selection and multimodel inference based on (Q)AIC(c). Available at: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=AICcmodavg (accessed December 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.7.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","unstructured":"NVvP (2012) Farmacotherapie bij therapieresistentie. Available at: https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/schizofrenie\/biologische_behandelingen_van_schizofrenie\/behandeling_therapieresistentie_schizofrenie\/farmacotherapie_bij_therapieresistentie.html (accessed 13 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01884-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)90093-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","unstructured":"PharmGKB CYP2D6. Available at: https:\/\/www.pharmgkb.org\/gene\/PA128 (accessed 15 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","unstructured":"PharmVar (2022) Gene Info: CYP2D6. Available at: https:\/\/www.pharmvar.org\/gene\/CYP2D6 (accessed 8 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","unstructured":"PharmVar (2023) CYP2D6. Available at: https:\/\/www.pharmvar.org\/gene\/CYP2D6 (accessed 23 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106062894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","unstructured":"Purcell S Chang C. PLINK 1.9. Available at: https:\/\/www.cog-genomics.org\/plink\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBHR.2011.043414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Smoking and schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Sagud M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sagud M, Mihaljevi\u0107-Peles A, M\u00fcck-Seler D, et al. (2009) Smoking and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub 21: 371\u2013375.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280000222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-020-00134-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2019.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn Schizofrenie","author":"van Alphen C","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Alphen C, Ammeraal M, Blanke C, et al. (2012) Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn Schizofrenie. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom Uitgeverij."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.640032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.768748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2011.532787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530902843483"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811241279022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02698811241279022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811241279022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:11:52Z","timestamp":1777507912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02698811241279022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02698811241279022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811241279022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]}}}