{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:07:16Z","timestamp":1793815636868,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may respond to ketamine treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the responsiveness and tolerability of treatment-refractory OCD to intramuscular (IM) ketamine compared to IM fentanyl.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a randomised double-blind psychoactive-controlled study with single doses of racemic ketamine 0.5\u2009mg\/kg, 1.0\u2009mg\/kg or fentanyl 50\u2009\u00b5g (psychoactive control). Pre-dosing with 4\u2009mg oral ondansetron provided nausea prophylaxis. Eligible participants were aged between 18 and 50\u2009years with severe treatment-resistant OCD. The primary efficacy measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Tolerability was measured with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Repeated measures analysis of variance with orthogonal polynomial trends was used to assess the effect of drug treatment on Y-BOCS and CADSS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve participants were randomised and 10 completed the study (7 females, 3 males, mean age 33\u2009years). Two participants dropped out due to not tolerating dissociative effects associated with the study medication. The reductions in Y-BOCS scores were greater and statistically dose-related for both ketamine doses than fentanyl (dose [linear], F(1, 9)\u2009=\u20096.5, p\u2009=\u20090.031). Score changes for all treatments were maximal at 1\u20132\u2009h with a steady separation of scores out to 168\u2009h. Ketamine was associated with short-term dissociative and cardiovascular effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We provide further preliminary evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of IM ketamine in an outpatient cohort of OCD. Additional work is required to establish the optimal dosing regimen and longer-term role of ketamine for OCD. These findings are encouraging given the well-known limitations that exist for treatments in this area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241301215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T23:31:35Z","timestamp":1732836695000},"page":"23-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ketamine for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Beaglehole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7305-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Glue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Neehoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabah","family":"Shadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Kimber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrissie","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroha de","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Day-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie J","family":"Hughes-Medlicott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02698811241301215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-02698811241301215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.577"},{"key":"bibr3-02698811241301215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaglehole B, Glue P, Neehoff S, et al (2024) Ketamine for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: Double-blind active-controlled randomised crossover study. 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