{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:51:40Z","timestamp":1792151500538,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Psychopharmacotherapy with mirtazapine is commonplace. Lower serum concentrations of mirtazapine were reported in smokers due to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      induction. However, no previous study that investigated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      genetics and mirtazapine treatment considered\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2-<\/jats:italic>\n                      inducing parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We aimed to investigate the association of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants, mirtazapine serum concentration, and treatment outcome, considering the smoking status of the patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two depression cohorts were investigated for the association between serum concentration and treatment response of mirtazapine and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -163C&gt;A (rs762551) and -3860G&gt;A (rs2069514) genotype groups, also considering smoking status, sex, and age of the patients. In total, 124 patients (82 non-smokers and 42 smokers) were eligible for the analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dose-corrected serum concentration (CD) of mirtazapine was associated with smoking status, sex, and age, with lower CD in smokers, females, and older patients. Considering non-smokers and genotype-grouped smokers, CD of mirtazapine in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      normal metabolizer smokers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096) did not differ from CD of non-smokers. By contrast, smokers carrying the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      *1A\/*1F and *1F\/*1F genotype groups showed 34.4% and 33.4% lower mirtazapine CD compared to non-smokers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As yet, for clinical practice, it may be more relevant to focus on smoking status than on the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene variants. Considering the relevant impact of smoking on the mirtazapine CD, physicians should monitor an increase in side effects due to the expected increase in mirtazapine serum concentrations. In these cases, measurement of mirtazapine CD and\/or subsequent dosage reduction is recommended. The clinical relevance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotyping prior to treatment with drugs metabolized by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      needs further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811251337387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T07:42:37Z","timestamp":1747035757000},"page":"847-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>CYP1A2<\/i>\n                    genotype-dependent effects of smoking on mirtazapine serum concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Scherf-Clavel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7519-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherina","family":"Kl\u00fcpfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Stonawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Hommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Unterecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Menke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau am Chiemsee, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kittel-Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, 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