{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:22:22Z","timestamp":1793650942126,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has demonstrated substantial efficacy across a range of mental disorders. However, heterogeneity between patients confers differential responsiveness. This systematic review aims to explore factors which may predict therapeutic responses to PAT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was performed from inception through to March 2024 and studies that assessed predictors of response related to the use of classic psychedelics for mental disorders were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 54 studies investigating potential predictors of treatment response to psychedelic-assisted therapy were included in the review. These studies encompassed adult populations diagnosed with substance-use disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and existential distress related to life-threatening illness as well as naturalistic samples reporting psychopathological symptoms without a formally confirmed diagnosis. The most frequently reported predictor of therapeutic response was the intensity of the acute psychedelic experience, particularly mystical-type experiences (MTEs), though this was not consistent across all disorders or time points. Factors related to set, setting and dose were frequently associated with the likelihood and intensity of MTEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The acute psychedelic experience, especially MTEs, was the most frequently reported predictor of therapeutic response. Future trials should explore a broader range of predictors, include longer-term follow-up and improve methodological consistency to strengthen the evidence base for reliable predictors of therapeutic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811251389581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:20:54Z","timestamp":1765628454000},"page":"703-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictors of therapeutic response to psychedelic-assisted therapy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6360-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Bendau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Koslowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1389-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Betzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119897615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59282-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2017_474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817706884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4771-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.017160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13282-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Checklist and Cohort Studies Checklist","author":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) (2018) Qualitative Checklist and Cohort Studies Checklist. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01344-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.01.2017.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1545024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01744-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Cortisol modulation by ayahuasca in patients with treatment-resistant depression and healthy controls","volume":"9","author":"de Menezes Galv\u00e3o AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Menezes Galv\u00e3o AC, De Almeida RN, Silva EA, et al. (2018) Cortisol modulation by ayahuasca in patients with treatment-resistant depression and healthy controls. Frontiers in Psychology 9: 185.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","volume-title":"5D-ASC: Questionnaire for the assessment of altered states of consciousness: A short introduction","author":"Dittrich A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dittrich A, Lamparter D, Maurer M (2010) 5D-ASC: Questionnaire for the assessment of altered states of consciousness: A short introduction. Zurich, Switzerland: PSIN PLUS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01706-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression: Prediction of clinical outcome by natural language processing","volume":"22","author":"Dougherty RF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dougherty RF, Clarke P, Atli M, et al. (2023) Psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression: Prediction of clinical outcome by natural language processing. Psychopharmacology 22: 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120936486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119845793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","first-page":"955","article-title":"Persisting reductions in cannabis, opioid, and stimulant misuse after naturalistic psychedelic use: An online survey","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Romeu A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia-Romeu A, Davis AK, Erowid E, et al. (2020) Persisting reductions in cannabis, opioid, and stimulant misuse after naturalistic psychedelic use: An online survey. Frontiers in Psychology 10: 955.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211073759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","first-page":"897","article-title":"Predicting responses to psychedelics: A prospective study","volume":"9","author":"Haijen EC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haijen EC, Kaelen M, Roseman L, et al. (2018) Predicting responses to psychedelics: A prospective study. Frontiers in Psychology 9: 897.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2016.1170135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116684335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4820-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221099650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0688-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119895520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4733.2003.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","first-page":"788155","article-title":"Therapeutic alliance and rapport modulate responses to psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression","volume":"12","author":"Murphy R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy R, Kettner H, Zeifman R, et al. (2022) Therapeutic alliance and rapport modulate responses to psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. Frontiers in Psychology 12: 788155.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2346130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118780612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221101061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","first-page":"831092","article-title":"Effects of naturalistic psychedelic use on depression, anxiety, and well-being: Associations with patterns of use, reported harms, and transformative mental states","volume":"13","author":"Raison CL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raison CL, Jain R, Penn AD, et al. (2022) Effects of naturalistic psychedelic use on depression, anxiety, and well-being: Associations with patterns of use, reported harms, and transformative mental states. Frontiers in Psychology 13: 831092.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00175-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","first-page":"974","article-title":"Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"8","author":"Roseman L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL (2018b) Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Frontiers in Psychology 8: 974.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/nan.2018.81249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.687615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2019.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231179800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231154852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. (2019) RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. British Medical Journal 366: l4898.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression","volume":"22","author":"Szigeti B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szigeti B, Weiss B, Rosas FE, et al. (2024) Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression. Psychological Medicine 22: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53363-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05236-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05817-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","first-page":"727117","article-title":"Psychedelics and other psychoplastogens for treating mental illness","volume":"12","author":"Vargas MV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vargas MV, Meyer R, Avanes AA, et al. (2021) Psychedelics and other psychoplastogens for treating mental illness. Frontiers in Psychology 12: 727117.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-06046-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101809"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Predictors of psychedelic treatment outcomes among special operations forces veterans","volume":"10","author":"Xin Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xin Y, Armstrong SB, Averill LA, et al. (2023) Predictors of psychedelic treatment outcomes among special operations forces veterans. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 10(3): 291\u2013305.","journal-title":"Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811251389581","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02698811251389581","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02698811251389581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:17:04Z","timestamp":1782710224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02698811251389581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02698811251389581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811251389581","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]}}}