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Despite their relevance, effective pharmacological treatments for BPSD in VaD are limited. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, exhibits anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of CBD in reducing BPSD in older adults with VaD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 30 participants with VaD and clinically significant BPSD, who received either CBD (300\u2009mg\/day) or placebo for 4\u2009weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly) and functional (Katz Index, Lawton Scale) measures, along with adverse effects (Udvalg for Kliniske Unders\u00f8gelser scale). A mixed-design repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Sidak tests was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CBD significantly reduced NPI scores (interaction:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.58, 44.31)\u2009=\u20093.61,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05, partial eta squared (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2009=\u20090.11) and BPRS scores (interaction:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2.12, 59.43)\u2009=\u20094.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.13) compared to placebo. No significant differences were observed in cognitive or functional outcomes. Adverse events were mild and similar between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CBD was well tolerated and effectively reduced BPSD in VaD without cognitive or functional impairment. These findings warrant further trials with larger samples, extended durations, and dose-optimization strategies to confirm its therapeutic potential. This study was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; ID: RBR-686kmpz, available at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/ensaiosclinicos.gov.br\/rg\/RBR-686kmpz\">https:\/\/ensaiosclinicos.gov.br\/rg\/RBR-686kmpz<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811251390974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:38:08Z","timestamp":1763966288000},"page":"380-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral and psychological symptoms of vascular dementia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0867-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca Mendes P.","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Waldo","family":"Zuardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Kleber V.","family":"Martins-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Riccioppo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Bar\u00e3o de Mau\u00e1 University Center, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8784-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime E. C.","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9520-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alexandre S.","family":"Crippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas\u2014HCFMUSP, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavio Marques","family":"Pontes-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Hortes N.","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2023.2209563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488611798280924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2023.0086"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cannabinoids for behavioral symptoms in dementia: An overview","volume":"57","author":"Broers B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Broers B, Bianchi F (2024) Cannabinoids for behavioral symptoms in dementia: An overview. 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