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There is growing evidence that prefrontal function underlies biases in threat processing and attention control in anxiety. We examined the effect of 20\u2009min of 2\u2009mA dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (bipolar-balanced montage) on subjective anxiety, autonomic arousal and threat processing in the 7.5% CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      experimental medicine model of anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A between-subjects healthy volunteer double-blind randomized design compared 2\u2009mA tDCS stimulation of the PFC versus sham tDCS on subjective anxiety, autonomic arousal and antisaccade performance during 7.5% CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      challenge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      tDCS did not moderate subjective and autonomic response to CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      challenge. tDCS reduced erroneous eye movements toward threat images relative to neutral images.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty minutes of active 2\u2009mA tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may reduce threat processing biases during experimentally induced anxiety and could help target early positive changes in emotion processing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811261420089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:57:29Z","timestamp":1773233849000},"page":"1446-1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on subjective, autonomic and neuropsychological response in the 7.5% CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    experimental model of anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6664-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna Astrid","family":"Miler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, UK"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Meron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK"},{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00880-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106063889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.576785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818774223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"The International Affective Picture System: Digitized Photographs","author":"[CSEA-NIMH]","year":"1999","unstructured":"[CSEA-NIMH] (1999) The International Affective Picture System: Digitized Photographs. 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