{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:17:11Z","timestamp":1787620631048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cusanuswerk e.V."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007570","name":"Claussen-Simon-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs with anxiolytic, sedating, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects. They impair saccadic eye movements in prosaccade tasks, particularly peak velocity, but the extent of the effects on different saccadic parameters remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of different benzodiazepines on peak velocity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    (number of included studies)\u2009=\u200930,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    (number of included effect sizes)\u2009=\u200945,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    (number of participants)\u2009=\u2009444), latency (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200917,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009221) and amplitude gain (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20098,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009113). Furthermore, we performed meta-analyses and dose-dependent meta-regressions of lorazepam effects on peak velocity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200919,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009257) and latency (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200912,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009187). We found a robust and large effect on peak velocity (standardised mean change (SMCC))\u2009=\u2009\u22121.064, 95% CI (confidence intervals) [\u22121.287, \u22120.84]), a less consistent, medium sized effect on latency (SMCC\u2009=\u20090.706, 95% CI [0.285, 1.127]), and a medium sized, but non-significant, effect on gain (SMCC\u2009=\u2009\u22120.581, 95% CI [\u22121.226, 0.064]). These findings confirm the sensitivity of saccadic eye movements to modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through benzodiazepines and point to the peak velocity in particular as a biomarker for sedative effects in pharmacological research in healthy adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811261436602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:29:33Z","timestamp":1777894173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of benzodiazepines on saccadic eye movements: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia-Magdalena","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philine Margarete","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8975-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaja","family":"Fa\u00dfbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0160-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Ettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7521.903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(75)90075-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06672-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120972424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.1990.tb00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.1992.tb00087.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2023.101014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023396654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470060405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31222\/osf.io\/jq52s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"134523","article-title":"An Overview of the CNS-Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Nonselective and Selective GABA Agonists","volume":"2012","author":"Chen X","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen X, De Haas S, De Kam M, et al. 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