{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:13:07Z","timestamp":1783728787907,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated as a potential predictor of ketamine response in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, produces rapid antidepressant effects and offers improved safety and intranasal administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether baseline IL-6 predicts treatment response to esketamine in individuals with TRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen adults with TRD received intranasal esketamine twice weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a tapering phase, in a 24-week open-label Phase 2 trial. Depression severity and functional disability were assessed using the Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at baseline, week 8, and week 24. Serum IL-6 levels were measured at the same time points. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the predictive value of IL-6.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MADRS scores improved significantly over time. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with more rapid symptom reduction, whereas lower IL-6 predicted greater symptom severity and higher disability. IL-6 levels did not change significantly over the course of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline IL-6 may predict response to esketamine in TRD, highlighting the potential role of inflammation in treatment resistance and supporting biomarker-guided personalized interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811261443676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T05:12:05Z","timestamp":1777093925000},"page":"984-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary evidence that serum interleukin-6 is a candidate biomarker of response to esketamine in treatment-resistant depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Colizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Friuli Centrale Health University Authority (ASUFC), Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Morandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Croccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2097-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Scipioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Friuli Centrale Health University Authority (ASUFC), Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orietta","family":"Sepulcri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Friuli Centrale Health University Authority (ASUFC), Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Balestrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Friuli Centrale Health University Authority (ASUFC), Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Garzitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901006010020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7376-5_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14110831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.31"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine: State of the art","volume":"62","author":"Loix S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loix S, Kock M De, Henin P (2011) The anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine: State of the art. 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