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However, they also have addiction\/dependence liability and side effects that include sedative-motor and memory impairment. Several of these side effects have been associated with activity at GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors containing \u03b11 subunits (\u03b11GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors), suggesting that compounds with reduced efficacy at this receptor subtype might have an improved therapeutic profile. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral effects of the novel benzodiazepine-like compounds, HZ-166 and KRM-II-81, which show preferential efficacy for \u03b12\/3GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors, in comparison with the \u03b11GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      -selective compound, zolpidem.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult male mice were treated with vehicle or one of the compounds (3, 10, or 30\u2009mg\/kg, i.p.) and tested in the open-field, the elevated plus maze-discriminative avoidance task, and conditioned place preference (CPP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the open-field test, HZ-166 and KRM-II-81 showed anxiolytic-like, but not sedative-like effects. In the discriminative avoidance task, only KRM-II-81 showed anxiolytic-like effects, but, unlike HZ-166, also induced memory deficits in mice. HZ-166 and KRM-II-81 did not have rewarding effects in CPP, with KRM-II-81 inducing conditioned place aversion instead. In contrast, zolpidem induced sedation, memory impairment, and rewarding effects, without displaying anxiolytic-like activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings reinforce the role of \u03b11GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors in benzodiazepine-induced sedation, cognitive impairment, and addiction potential, and its lack of a role in anxiety-like behaviors. Drugs with selectivity for \u03b12\/3GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors might have an improved therapeutic profile compared to conventional benzodiazepines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811261473409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:04:27Z","timestamp":1787645067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benzodiazepines and GABA\n                    <sub>A<\/sub>\n                    receptor subtypes: Effects in open-field, elevated plus maze-discriminative avoidance task, and conditioned place preference in male mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3067-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian A.","family":"Gundim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6084-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00edtalo C.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0578-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta C.","family":"dos Anjos Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe S.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5484-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio","family":"Jovita-Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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