{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:44:30Z","timestamp":1792176270409,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the association between different adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and patients with versus without lithium co-medication using data from the European drug surveillance program AMSP (German: \u201cArzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie,\u201d i.e. Drug Safety in Psychiatry)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a case\/non-case pharmacovigilance study using AMSP data on ADRs from patients treated in psychiatric hospitals in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. We performed a disproportionality analysis of reports of severe ADRs from patients with versus without lithium co-medication calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs). Additional analyses included comparisons with distinct pharmacological classes, reports where the imputation grade for ADRs was probable or certain, and where ADR rates were related to exposed patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 8609 patients, lithium-treated patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009720) were less often associated with weight gain, dyskinesia, suicidality (as an ADR), hyponatremia, and mortality, but more often associated with various types of neurotoxicity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 in all cases). Parkinson\u2019s symptoms (ROR 1.8), tremor (ROR 4.6), serotonergic ADRs (ROR 3.0), ataxia or myoclonus (each, ROR 2.7), as well as drug-drug interactions leading to intoxication (ROR 26.3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 in all cases). When stratifying by pharmacological class, hyponatremia was more frequent in patients receiving different pharmacological classes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 in all cases), whereas neurotoxicity and lithium intoxications were more frequently reported in lithium comedication groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 in all cases).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated with lithium are associated with a reduced reporting of hyponatremia, but to an increased reporting of neurotoxicity, although findings represent reporting associations, rather than incidence estimates or causal effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811261488471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:40:21Z","timestamp":1791880821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse drug reactions associated with psychotropic medications combined with versus without lithium: A case\/control pharmacovigilance analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Greil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Psychiatric Private Hospital, Sanatorium Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateo","family":"de Bardeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Private Hospital, Sanatorium Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Nievergelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Private Hospital, Sanatorium Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Erfurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Hasler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Cattapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Private Hospital, Sanatorium Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bleich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sermin","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Grohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3851-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Schoretsanitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland"},{"name":"The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell\/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alp A Rollas T Eroglu EO et al. 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