{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T21:45:19Z","timestamp":1794433519208,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Therapeutic hypothermia has emerged as the first empirically supported therapy for neuroprotection in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H-MRS) to characterize the effects of hypothermia on energy metabolites, neurotransmitters, and antioxidants. Thirty-one neonates with HIE were studied during hypothermia and after rewarming. Metabolite concentrations (mmol\/kg) were determined from the thalamus, basal ganglia, cortical grey matter, and cerebral white matter. In the thalamus, phosphocreatine concentrations were increased by 20% during hypothermia when compared to after rewarming (3.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.88 vs. 2.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) while free creatine concentrations were reduced to a similar degree (3.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 vs. 3.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Glutamate (5.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82 vs. 6.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.12, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), aspartate (3.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66 vs. 3.87\u2009\u00b1\u20091.19, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and GABA (0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36 vs. 1.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were also reduced, while taurine (1.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52 vs. 0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and glutathione (2.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41 vs. 2.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were increased. Similar patterns were observed in other brain regions. These findings support that hypothermia improves energy homeostasis by decreasing the availability of excitatory neurotransmitters, and thereby, cellular energy demand.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x15607881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T13:41:19Z","timestamp":1449236479000},"page":"1075-1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The effects of therapeutic hypothermia on cerebral metabolism in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: An in\u00a0vivo\n                    <sup>1<\/sup>\n                    H-MR spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Wisnowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J","family":"Reitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Friedlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Vanderbilt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"0Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin D","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Panigrahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bl\u00fcml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0271678X15607881","first-page":"409","volume":"83","author":"Lawn J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health 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