{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:05:35Z","timestamp":1778616335975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to determine whether measurements of cerebrovascular reserve and oxygenation, assessed with spin relaxation rate R2\u2032, yield similar information about pathology in pre-operative Moyamoya disease patients, and to assess whether R2\u2032 is a better measure of oxygenation than other proposed markers, such as R2* and R2. Twenty-five pre-operative Moyamoya disease patients were scanned at 3.0T with acetazolamide challenge. Cerebral blood flow mapping with multi-delay arterial spin labeling, and R2*, R2, and R2\u2032 mapping with Gradient-Echo Sampling of Free Induction Decay and Echo were performed. No baseline cerebral blood flow difference was found between angiographically abnormal and normal regions (49\u2009\u00b1\u200912 vs. 48\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min, p\u2009=\u20090.44). However, baseline R2\u2032 differed between these regions (3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 vs. 2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating reduced oxygenation in abnormal regions. Cerebrovascular reserve was lower in angiographically abnormal regions (21\u2009\u00b1\u200938 vs. 41\u2009\u00b1\u200926%, p\u2009=\u20090.001). All regions showed trend toward significantly improved oxygenation post-acetazolamide. Regions with poorer cerebrovascular reserve had lower baseline oxygenation (Kendall's \u03c4\u2009=\u2009\u22120.24, p\u2009=\u20090.003). A number of angiographically abnormal regions demonstrated preserved cerebrovascular reserve, likely due to the presence of collaterals. Finally, of the concurrently measured relaxation rates, R2\u2032 was superior for oxygenation assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x16651088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T00:51:49Z","timestamp":1463964709000},"page":"1213-1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Imaging of cerebrovascular reserve and oxygenation in Moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Wendy W","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarrett","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zungho","family":"Zun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Zaharchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 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