{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:57:47Z","timestamp":1793411867238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Incidence of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults is rising. However, etiology remains unknown in 30\u201340% of these patients when current classification systems designed for the elderly are used. Our aim was to identify risk factors according to a pediatric approach, which might lead to both better identification of risk factors and provide a stepping stone for the understanding of disease mechanism, particularly in patients currently classified as \u201cunknown etiology\u201d. Risk factors of 656 young stroke patients (aged 18\u201350) of the FUTURE study were categorized according to the \u201cInternational Pediatric Stroke Study\u201d (IPSS), with stratification on gender, age and stroke of \u201cunknown etiology\u201d. Categorization of risk factors into \u22651 IPSS category was possible in 94% of young stroke patients. Chronic systemic conditions were more present in patients aged &lt;35 compared to patients \u226535 (32.6% vs. 15.6%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among 226 patients classified as \u201cstroke of unknown etiology\u201d using TOAST, we found risk factors in 199 patients (88%) with the IPSS approach. We identified multiple risk factors linked to other mechanisms of stroke in the young than in the elderly . This can be a valuable starting point to develop an etiologic classification system specifically designed for young stroke patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x17707138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T11:24:16Z","timestamp":1495538656000},"page":"1631-1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Risk factors and mechanisms of stroke in young adults: The FUTURE study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mayte E","family":"van Alebeek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate M","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel S","family":"Ekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie E","family":"Synhaeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, PO Box 90151, 5000, LC Tilburg, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noortje AMM","family":"Maaijwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Luzern State Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hennie","family":"Schoonderwaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen J","family":"van der Vlugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewoud J","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loes CA","family":"Rutten-Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank-Erik","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The 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