{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:19:35Z","timestamp":1791865175017,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The goal of the present study was to examine the cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during extended breath-holds (ranging from 2\u2009min 32\u2009s to 7\u2009min 0\u2009s) and during a hypoxic challenge in freedivers and non-diver controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cerebral lactate, glutamate+glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and phosphocreatine+creatine concentrations in the occipital lobe. Fifteen freedivers and seventeen non-diver controls participated. The freedivers showed remarkable increases in CBF (107%) during the breath-holds, compensating for arterial desaturation, and sustained cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was unaffected throughout the breath-holds. During the hypoxic challenge, the freedivers had larger increases in blood flow in the sagittal sinus than the non-divers, and could sustain normal CDO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . No differences were found in lactate production, global CBF or CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . We conclude that the mechanism for sustaining brain function during breath-holding in freedivers involves an extraordinary increase in perfusion, and that freedivers present evidence for higher cerebrovascular reactivity, but not for higher lactate-producing glycolysis during a hypoxic challenge compared to controls.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x17737909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T10:58:50Z","timestamp":1509706730000},"page":"834-848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during breath-hold and hypoxic challenge in freedivers and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mark B","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Functional Imaging Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik BW","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Functional Imaging Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 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