{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:05Z","timestamp":1787018765381,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultra-fast functional magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) enables separate assessment of cardiovascular, respiratory, and vasomotor waves from brain pulsations without temporal aliasing. We examined effects of breath hold- (BH) related changes on cardiovascular brain pulsations using MREG to study the physiological nature of cerebrovascular reactivity. We used alternating 32\u2009s BH and 88\u2009s resting normoventilation (NV) to change brain pulsations during MREG combined with simultaneously measured respiration, continuous non-invasive blood pressure, and cortical near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in healthy volunteers. Changes in classical resting-state network BOLD-like signal and cortical blood oxygenation were reproduced based on MREG and NIRS signals. Cardiovascular pulsation amplitudes of MREG signal from anterior cerebral artery, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in frontal cortex, and blood pressure decreased after BH. MREG cardiovascular pulse amplitudes in cortical areas and sagittal sinus increased, while cerebrospinal fluid and white matter remained unchanged. Respiratory centers in the brainstem \u2013 hypothalamus \u2013 thalamus \u2013 amygdala network showed strongest increases in cardiovascular pulsation amplitude. The spatial propagation of averaged cardiovascular impulses altered as a function of successive BH runs. The spread of cardiovascular pulse cycles exhibited a decreasing spatial similarity over time. MREG portrayed spatiotemporally accurate respiratory network activity and cardiovascular pulsation dynamics related to BH challenges at an unpreceded high temporal resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x18798441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T15:41:42Z","timestamp":1536680502000},"page":"2471-2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Breath hold effect on cardiovascular brain pulsations \u2013 A multimodal magnetic resonance encephalography study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Raitamaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesa","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Huotari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Raatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taneli","family":"Hautaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"Kananen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksi","family":"Rasila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heta","family":"Helakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sensors and Measurement Systems Group, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Myllyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Biomedical Sensors and Measurement Systems Group, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Borchardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesa","family":"Kiviniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu Functional Neuro Imaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"bibr2-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.065"},{"key":"bibr3-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15622047"},{"key":"bibr4-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240514"},{"key":"bibr5-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5<197::AID-NBM466>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"bibr6-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(01)00227-2"},{"key":"bibr7-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0760"},{"key":"bibr8-0271678X18798441","first-page":"1233","volume":"20","author":"Kastrup A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr9-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1187"},{"key":"bibr10-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.11.025"},{"key":"bibr11-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.059"},{"key":"bibr12-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs001"},{"key":"bibr13-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.004"},{"key":"bibr14-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199703000-00007"},{"key":"bibr15-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.039"},{"key":"bibr16-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.030"},{"key":"bibr17-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(95)00037-H"},{"key":"bibr18-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2641"},{"key":"bibr19-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.021"},{"key":"bibr20-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-3-16"},{"key":"bibr21-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.031625"},{"key":"bibr22-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9527-4"},{"key":"bibr23-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2008.042424"},{"key":"bibr24-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.01.058"},{"key":"bibr25-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.007"},{"key":"bibr26-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127082"},{"key":"bibr27-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.007"},{"key":"bibr28-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0258"},{"key":"bibr29-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028822"},{"key":"bibr30-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.200900105"},{"key":"bibr31-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1983-3"},{"key":"bibr32-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00293-7"},{"key":"bibr33-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.08.027"},{"key":"bibr34-0271678X18798441","first-page":"1067","volume":"40","author":"Sorvoja HSS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quantum Electron"},{"key":"bibr35-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.00D280"},{"key":"bibr36-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"bibr37-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)71511-3"},{"key":"bibr38-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811879106"},{"key":"bibr39-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20813"},{"key":"bibr40-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00037"},{"key":"bibr41-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"bibr42-0271678X18798441","unstructured":"Neurosynth, http:\/\/neurosynth.org\/ (accessed 15 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr43-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.08.030"},{"key":"bibr44-0271678X18798441","volume-title":"Fundamentals of human physiology","author":"Sherwood L","year":"2011","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr45-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.007"},{"key":"bibr46-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.059"},{"key":"bibr47-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.03.017"},{"key":"bibr48-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390602"},{"key":"bibr49-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00417-8"},{"key":"bibr50-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.062"},{"key":"bibr51-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224"},{"key":"bibr52-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20997"},{"key":"bibr53-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.072"},{"key":"bibr54-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24528"},{"key":"bibr55-0271678X18798441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00479"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X18798441","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0271678X18798441","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X18798441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:15:55Z","timestamp":1777493755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0271678X18798441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0271678X18798441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x18798441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]]}}}