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Exposure data collected from g-Force accelerometers mounted to the helmet of each player were used to split participants into HIGH ( N\u2009=\u200922) and LOW ( N\u2009=\u200922) exposure groups, based on the frequency of impacts sustained by each athlete. Significant decreases in grey-matter volume specific to the HIGH group were documented at POST ( P\u2009=\u20090.009), compared to baseline. Changes in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), corrected for partial volume effects, were observed within the HIGH group, throughout the season ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), suggesting that alterations in perfusion may follow exposure to sub-concussive collisions. Co-localized significant increases in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    |\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) mid-season were also documented in the HIGH group, with respect to both PRE- and POST values. No physiological changes were observed in the LOW group. Therefore, cerebral metabolic demand may be elevated in players with greater exposure to head impacts. These results provide novel insight into the effects of sub-concussive collisions on brain structure and cerebrovascular physiology and emphasize the importance of multi-modal imaging for a complete characterization of cerebral health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x19862861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T02:47:03Z","timestamp":1563245223000},"page":"1453-1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Changes in volumetric and metabolic parameters relate to differences in exposure to sub-concussive head impacts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0245-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen A","family":"Champagne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole S","family":"Coverdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0580-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Germuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex A","family":"Bhogal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1825"},{"key":"bibr2-0271678X19862861","first-page":"319","volume":"53","author":"Agel J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"bibr3-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160564"},{"key":"bibr4-0271678X19862861","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Davenport EM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"bibr5-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1512"},{"key":"bibr6-0271678X19862861","first-page":"286","author":"Clark MD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bibr7-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx350"},{"key":"bibr8-0271678X19862861","volume":"10","author":"Churchill NW","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bibr9-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9164-5"},{"key":"bibr10-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000245601.69451.27"},{"key":"bibr11-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.03.006"},{"key":"bibr12-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01790682"},{"key":"bibr13-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.5.0607"},{"key":"bibr14-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260320812"},{"key":"bibr15-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.072"},{"key":"bibr16-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000103022.98348.24"},{"key":"bibr17-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600073"},{"key":"bibr18-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.3.0304"},{"key":"bibr19-0271678X19862861","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Head injury","author":"Nelson S","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr20-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.2.0252"},{"key":"bibr21-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(09)80099-3"},{"key":"bibr22-0271678X19862861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.022"},{"key":"bibr23-0271678X19862861","unstructured":"Concussion in Sport Group.\n                      Sport concussion assessment tool.\n                      3rd Edition.\n                      Br. 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