{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:16:31Z","timestamp":1792556191281,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]],"date-time":"2020-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Smoking-derived nicotine (N) and oral contraceptives (OC) synergistically exacerbate ischemic brain damage in the females and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our published study showed that N toxicity is exacerbated by OC via altered mitochondrial function owing to a defect in the activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we investigated the global metabolomic profile of brains of adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to N\u2009\u00b1\u2009OC. Rats were randomly exposed to saline or N\u2009+\u2009\/\u2212OC for 16\u201321\u2009days followed by random allocation into two cohorts. One cohort underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and histopathology was performed 30\u2009days later. From the second cohort, cortical tissues were collected for an unbiased global metabolomic profile. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant decrease in glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, along with a significant increase in pyruvate in the N\u2009+\u2009\/\u2212OC exposed groups when compared to saline ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting alterations in the glycolytic pathway which were confirmed by Western blot analyses of glycolytic enzymes. Infarct volume quantification showed a significant increase following N alone or N\u2009+\u2009OC as compared to saline control. Because glucose metabolism is critical for brain physiology, altered glycolysis deteriorates neural function, thus exacerbating ischemic brain damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x20925164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]],"date-time":"2020-06-14T06:55:26Z","timestamp":1592117726000},"page":"793-804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Simultaneous nicotine and oral contraceptive exposure alters brain energy metabolism and exacerbates ischemic stroke injury in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami P","family":"Raval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0271678X20925164","first-page":"P23","author":"Loraine A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Popul Rep"},{"key":"bibr2-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X16668263"},{"key":"bibr3-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000350"},{"key":"bibr4-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2011.554782"},{"key":"bibr5-0271678X20925164","first-page":"49","volume":"49","author":"Healton C","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr6-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10256"},{"key":"bibr7-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.08.043"},{"key":"bibr8-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1938"},{"key":"bibr9-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365519850186454"},{"key":"bibr10-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-007-0173-6"},{"key":"bibr11-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9800300105"},{"key":"bibr12-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016107782023406"},{"key":"bibr13-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.042"},{"key":"bibr14-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07661.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0271678X20925164","first-page":"624","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr16-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.04.021"},{"key":"bibr17-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.036"},{"key":"bibr18-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.02.065"},{"key":"bibr19-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.10.009"},{"key":"bibr20-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.083386"},{"key":"bibr21-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02228-9"},{"key":"bibr22-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.03.025"},{"key":"bibr23-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000160753.36093.da"},{"key":"bibr24-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2710387"},{"key":"bibr25-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400100073023"},{"key":"bibr26-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510073"},{"key":"bibr27-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.621086"},{"key":"bibr28-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890310001267"},{"key":"bibr29-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200022050-00004"},{"key":"bibr30-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-013-0253-6"},{"key":"bibr31-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125939"},{"key":"bibr32-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.149"},{"key":"bibr33-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0471"},{"key":"bibr34-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600343"},{"key":"bibr35-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(10)70469-9"},{"key":"bibr36-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.027"},{"key":"bibr37-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600543"},{"key":"bibr38-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199702000-00002"},{"key":"bibr39-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.157776"},{"key":"bibr40-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051330"},{"key":"bibr41-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3638"},{"key":"bibr42-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12285"},{"key":"bibr43-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142334"},{"key":"bibr44-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462"},{"key":"bibr45-0271678X20925164","first-page":"420","volume":"5","author":"Galvan-Pena S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bibr46-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.01.023"},{"key":"bibr47-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138594"},{"key":"bibr48-0271678X20925164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00155-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X20925164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0271678X20925164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X20925164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:12:56Z","timestamp":1777493576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0271678X20925164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0271678X20925164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x20925164","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]]}}}