{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:45:02Z","timestamp":1791452702497,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Deep anaesthesia may impair neuronal, vascular and mitochondrial function facilitating neurological complications, such as delirium and stroke. On the other hand, deep anaesthesia is performed for neuroprotection in critical brain diseases such as status epilepticus or traumatic brain injury. Since the commonly used anaesthetic propofol causes mitochondrial dysfunction, we investigated the impact of the alternative anaesthetic isoflurane on neuro-metabolism. In deeply anaesthetised Wistar rats (burst suppression pattern), we measured increased cortical tissue oxygen pressure (p\n                    <jats:sub>ti<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), a \u223c35% drop in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and burst-associated neurovascular responses. In vitro, 3% isoflurane blocked synaptic transmission and impaired network oscillations, thereby decreasing the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Concerning mitochondrial function, isoflurane induced a reductive shift in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and decreased stimulus-induced FAD transients as Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx was reduced by \u223c50%. Computer simulations based on experimental results predicted no direct effects of isoflurane on mitochondrial complexes or ATP-synthesis. We found that isoflurane-induced burst suppression is related to decreased ATP consumption due to inhibition of synaptic activity while neurovascular coupling and mitochondrial function remain intact. The neurometabolic profile of isoflurane thus appears to be superior to that of propofol which has been shown to impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x211010353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:44:19Z","timestamp":1619401459000},"page":"2640-2655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Low neuronal metabolism during isoflurane-induced burst suppression is related to synaptic inhibition while neurovascular coupling and mitochondrial function remain intact"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Berndt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurophysiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Schoknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"R\u00f6sner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Reiffurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Maechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurophysiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann-Georg","family":"Holzh\u00fctter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens P","family":"Dreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Bernstein center for Computational Neuroscience, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, the Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and the Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurophysiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.019"},{"key":"bibr2-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0859-1"},{"key":"bibr3-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066615593939"},{"key":"bibr4-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.09.016"},{"key":"bibr5-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0051-7"},{"key":"bibr6-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318186b9ce"},{"key":"bibr7-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121461109"},{"key":"bibr8-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18789273"},{"key":"bibr9-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/174028a0"},{"key":"bibr10-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808281"},{"key":"bibr11-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02021-X"},{"key":"bibr12-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200009000-00006"},{"key":"bibr13-0271678X211010353","volume-title":"Miller\u2019s anesthesia","author":"Gropper MA","year":"2020","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr14-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000287061.77674.71"},{"key":"bibr15-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020910131237"},{"key":"bibr16-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23683"},{"key":"bibr17-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.036"},{"key":"bibr18-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199902000-00031"},{"key":"bibr19-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.229"},{"key":"bibr20-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2295-8"},{"key":"bibr21-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.116"},{"key":"bibr22-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091925"},{"key":"bibr23-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.165"},{"key":"bibr24-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.158"},{"key":"bibr25-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.70"},{"key":"bibr26-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00186.2010"},{"key":"bibr27-0271678X211010353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee K, Bohnert S, Wu Y, et\u00a0al. 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