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We investigated plasma biomarkers and their association with 6-month outcomes in a nonhuman primate model of HIE with or without therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and erythropoietin (Epo). Twenty-nine Macaca nemestrina were randomized to control cesarean section (n\u2009=\u20097) or 20\u2009min of umbilical cord occlusion (UCO, n\u2009=\u200922) with either no treatment (n\u2009=\u200911) or TH\/Epo (n\u2009=\u200911). Initial injury severity was scored using 30-min arterial pH, base deficit, and 10-min Apgar score. Twenty-four plasma cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured 3, 6, 24, 72, and 96\u2009h after UCO. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) differentiated the normal\/mild from moderate\/severe injury groups. Treatment with TH\/Epo was associated with increased monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4) at 3\u2009h\u20136h, and significantly lower MCP-4 and MDC at 24\u2009h\u201372h, respectively. IL-12p40 was lower at 24\u2009h\u201372h in animals with death\/cerebral palsy (CP) compared to survivors without CP. Baseline injury severity was the single best predictor of death\/CP, and predictions did not improve with the addition of biomarker data. Circulating chemokines associated with the peripheral monocyte cell lineage are associated with severity of injury and response to therapy, but do not improve ability to predict outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x21991439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T18:17:06Z","timestamp":1613067426000},"page":"2054-2066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cytokine and chemokine responses to injury and treatment in a nonhuman primate model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and erythropoietin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong 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