{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:11:19Z","timestamp":1791573079982,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cerebral energy deficiency is increasingly recognised as an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Until now, we have lacked non-invasive imaging methods to quantify energy utilisation and mitochondrial function in the human brain. Here, we used novel dual-calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (dc-fMRI) to map grey-matter (GM) deoxy-haemoglobin sensitive cerebral blood volume (CBV\n                    <jats:sub>dHb<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in patients with MS (PwMS) and age\/sex matched controls. By integrating a flow-diffusion model of oxygen transport, we evaluated the effective oxygen diffusivity of the capillary network (D\n                    <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and the partial pressure of oxygen at the mitochondria (PmO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Significant between-group differences were observed as decreased CBF ( p\u2009=\u20090.010), CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and D\n                    <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( p\u2009=\u20090.002), and increased PmO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( p\u2009=\u20090.043) in patients compared to controls. No significant differences were observed for CBV\n                    <jats:sub>dHb<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( p\u2009=\u20090.389), OEF ( p\u2009=\u20090.358), or GM volume ( p\u2009=\u20090.302). Regional analysis showed widespread reductions in CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and D\n                    <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                    for PwMS. Our findings may be indicative of reduced oxygen demand or utilisation in the MS brain and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results suggest changes in brain physiology may precede MRI-detectable GM loss and may contribute to disease progression and neurodegeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x221121849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T01:24:50Z","timestamp":1662600290000},"page":"115-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reduced brain oxygen metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis: Evidence from dual-calibrated functional MRI"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hannah L","family":"Chandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3398-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael C","family":"Stickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Patitucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0580-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Germuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5347-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio M","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research and Data, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Bhome-Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Abercynon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Khot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Tomassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"MS Centre, Neurology Unit, \u201cSS. Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 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