{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:49:16Z","timestamp":1787500156013,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is increasingly associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular alterations, yet the pathophysiological link is missing. An important barrier function is exerted by the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer coating the endothelium. To explore such associations, we used intraoperative videomicroscopy to quantify glycocalyx and microcirculation properties of the neocortex and hippocampus of 15 patients undergoing resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant TLE, and 15 non-epileptic controls. Fluorescent lectin staining of neocortex and hippocampal tissue was used for blood vessel surface area quantification. Neocortical perfused boundary region, the thickness of the glycocalyx\u2019 impaired layer, was higher in patients (2.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52\u2009\u00b5m) compared to controls (1.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29\u2009\u00b5m),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01, indicative of reduced glycocalyx integrity in patients. Moreover, erythrocyte flow velocity analysis revealed an impaired ability of TLE patients to (de-)recruit capillaries in response to changing metabolic demands (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.75,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01), indicating failure of neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Blood vessel quantification comparison between intraoperative measurements and resected tissue showed strong correlation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.94,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01). This is the first report on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    assessment of glycocalyx and microcirculation properties in TLE patients, confirming the pivotal role of cerebrovascular changes. Further assessment of the cerebral microcirculation in relation to epileptogenesis might open avenues for new therapeutic targets for drug-resistant epilepsy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x231179413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T03:22:09Z","timestamp":1685071329000},"page":"1737-1751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cerebrovascular glycocalyx damage and microcirculation impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rick HGJ","family":"van Lanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel HL","family":"Haeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Staals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim TA","family":"Dings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht\/Heeze, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf EMG","family":"Schijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht\/Heeze, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govert","family":"Hoogland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander MJ","family":"van Kuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Kapsokalyvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc AMJ","family":"van Zandvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Vink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Rijkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht\/Heeze, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization W. 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