{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:38:52Z","timestamp":1793025532084,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns and their relationship with arterial pulsation can depict the function of glymphatic system (GS). We propose an improved multi-directional diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (iMDDSDE) prepared heavily T2-weighted 3D FSE (iMDDSDE-HT2) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to noninvasively assess the mobility (MO) of CSF distributed in the ventricles and perivascular spaces (PVS). This method could obtain 3D high resolution (1\u2009mm isotropic) imaging of CSF MO with full brain coverage within five min and distinguish the CSF MO across different pulse phases using a peripheral pulse unit (PPU). The MO curves had the largest amplitude value in the PVS of middle cerebral artery (11.11\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                    m\n                    <jats:sup>2\/s<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the largest amplitude growth rate in the posterior cerebral artery (189%). The average coefficient of variations (CVs) in non-pulse trigger and pulse phase 1 and 3 were 0.11, 0.10 and 0.09 respectively. The MO in older healthy participants was lower compared to the young participants, and the MO in cerebral major artery stenosis patients with acute ischemia stroke (AIS) were lower compared to those without AIS in several ventriclar ROIs (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). This sequence is a clinically feasible method to effectively evaluate CSF flow patterns in human brain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x231194863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T03:27:25Z","timestamp":1694921245000},"page":"105-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterizing cerebrospinal fluid mobility using heavily T2-weighted 3D fast spin echo (FSE) imaging with improved multi-directional diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (iMDDSDE) preparation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Lusen","family":"Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Zhongke Industrial Research Institute of Medical Science, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0147-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07318-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15622047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-017-0617-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"0643","article-title":"The driving force of glymphatics: influence of the cardiac cycle on CSF-mobility in perivascular spaces in humans","volume":"28","author":"Lydiane H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lydiane H, Bobby AR, Suzanne LF, et\u00a0al. The driving force of glymphatics: influence of the cardiac cycle on CSF-mobility in perivascular spaces in humans. 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