{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:13:28Z","timestamp":1793168008551,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In ischemic stroke, selectively cooling the ischemic penumbra might lead to neuroprotection while avoiding systemic complications. Because penumbral tissue has reduced cerebral blood flow and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    brain temperature measurement remains challenging, the effect of different methods of therapeutic hypothermia on penumbral temperature are unknown. We used the COMSOL Multiphysics\u00ae software to model a range of cases of therapeutic hypothermia in ischemic stroke. Four ischemic stroke models were developed with ischemic core and\/or penumbra volumes between 33\u2013300\u2009mL. Four experiments were performed on each model, including no cooling, and intraarterial, intravenous, and active conductive head cooling. The steady-state temperature of the non-ischemic brain, ischemic penumbra, and ischemic core without cooling was 37.3\u2009\u00b0C, 37.5\u201337.8\u2009\u00b0C, and 38.9\u201339.4\u2009\u00b0C respectively. Intraarterial, intravenous and active conductive head cooling reduced non-ischemic brain temperature by 4.3\u2009\u00b0C, 2.1\u2009\u00b0C, and 0.7\u20130.8\u2009\u00b0C respectively. Intraarterial, intravenous and head cooling reduced the temperature of the ischemic penumbra by 3.9\u20134.3\u2009\u00b0C, 1.9\u20132.1\u2009\u00b0C, and 1.2\u20133.4\u2009\u00b0C respectively. Active conductive head cooling was the only method to selectively reduce penumbral temperature. Clinical studies that measure brain temperature in ischemic stroke patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia are required to validate these hypothesis-generating findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x231203025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T20:53:56Z","timestamp":1695329636000},"page":"66-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Penumbral cooling in ischemic stroke with intraarterial, intravenous or active conductive head cooling: A thermal modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William K","family":"Diprose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaustubha","family":"Ghate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Almekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Alan","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987319844690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30258-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18790139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221127088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221107988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199808240-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.889214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"COMSOL: Multiphysics software for optimizing designs. 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