{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1793444301495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) imposes a massive increase in energy demand and therefore evolves as a target for treatment following acute brain injuries. Anesthetics are empirically used to reduce energy metabolism in critical brain conditions, yet their effect on metabolism during SD remains largely unknown. We investigated oxidative metabolism during SD in brain slices from Wistar rats. Extracellular potassium ([K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), local field potential and partial tissue oxygen pressure (p\n                    <jats:sub>ti<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were measured simultaneously. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was calculated using a reaction-diffusion model. By that, we tested the effect of clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane on CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    during SD and modeled tissue oxygenation for different capillary pO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values. During SD, CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased 2.7-fold, resulting in transient hypoxia in the slice core. Isoflurane decreased CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , reduced peak [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and prolonged [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    clearance, which indicates reduced synaptic transmission and sodium-potassium ATPase inhibition. Modeling tissue oxygenation during SD illustrates the need for increased capillary pO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels to prevent hypoxia. In the absence thereof, isoflurane could improve tissue oxygenation by lowering CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Therefore, isoflurane is a promising candidate for pre-clinical studies on neuronal survival in conditions involving SD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x231222306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T07:34:55Z","timestamp":1703316895000},"page":"1000-1012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Isoflurane lowers the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and prevents hypoxia during cortical spreading depolarization\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    : An integrative experimental and modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Schoknecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Maechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neurophysiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4968-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Wallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens P","family":"Dreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Einstein Centre for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neurophysiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Berndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1944.7.6.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.837650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0721-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(78)90122-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"[Spreading depression\u2013cortical reactions: disorders of the extracellular microenvironment]","volume":"21","author":"Lehmenkuhler A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lehmenkuhler A. 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