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Magnetic resonance imaging has been most frequently used to visualize demyelination and detect acute and chronic active lesions, which are key indicators of clinical course of illness. Previous research has also highlighted the effectiveness of translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for identifying chronic active lesions and progressive pathology. Building on this work, the present study used PET imaging to explore the role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2)\u2014key enzymes involved in neuroinflammation\u2014in individuals with MS. Five participants with MS were recruited, and lesions were identified using 7 Tesla MRI. No significant differences in COX radioligand binding were observed in the co-registered PET images between lesioned areas and normal-appearing brain tissues, nor between individuals with MS and healthy volunteers. The negative findings underscore the complexity of MS pathology and raise several important considerations for planning future studies using COX PET for imaging in MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x251332490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T15:45:42Z","timestamp":1747237542000},"page":"1417-1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 densities measured using positron emission tomography are not altered in the brains of individuals with stable multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3420-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 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