{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:40:07Z","timestamp":1777794007305,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The mechanisms underlying neurological symptoms, including epilepsy, in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) remain to be elucidated. The dual-tracer basis function method (DBFM) with single-scan dual-tracer (\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) approach is a novel PET imaging technique that can evaluate the hemodynamics and metabolism of brain tissue adjacent to the nidus without the influence of abundant vascular radioactivity. We aimed to clarify the relationship between neurological symptoms and hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities using the DBFM. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic bAVMs and before and after treatment. Among 46 patients with unruptured bAVMs who underwent DBFM, 26 cases were included. While CBV and OEF increased in the perinidus (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), CBF and CMRO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    decreased (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Symptoms were significantly associated with higher OEF (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic, ratio of perinidal to contralateral, n\u2009=\u200913 vs. n\u2009=\u200913, 1.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.030 vs. 1.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.080, p\u2009=\u20090.017). All elevated OEFs in symptomatic bAVMs with therapeutic symptom resolved in post-therapeutic PET imaging. DBFM revealed a higher OEF was associated with symptomatic bAVM. The DBFM potentially aids in predicting post-therapeutic symptom improvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x251369258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T09:49:42Z","timestamp":1755337782000},"page":"151-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Abnormal perinidal cerebral metabolism is associated with symptoms in brain arteriovenous malformation: New insights by a novel approach using oxygen-15 labelled tracers and PET"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hashio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taichi","family":"Ikedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"},{"name":"Kyoto University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisae","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7914-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2975-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etsuko Yamamoto","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"},{"name":"Kyoto University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Shimonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eika","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyofumi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Iihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroharu","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.1.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080027015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"Hemodynamic changes around cerebral arteriovenous malformation before and after embolization measured with PET","volume":"26","author":"Kaminaga T","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaminaga T, Hayashida K, Iwama T, et\u00a0al. Hemodynamic changes around cerebral arteriovenous malformation before and after embolization measured with PET. J Neuroradiol 1999; 26: 236\u2013241.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography","volume":"25","author":"Mintun MA","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mintun MA, Raichle ME, Martin WR, et\u00a0al. Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 1984; 25: 177\u2013187.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","first-page":"416","article-title":"Brain oxygen utilization measured with oxygen-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography: generation of metabolic images","volume":"26","author":"Herscovitch P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Herscovitch P, Mintun MA, Raichle ME. Brain oxygen utilization measured with oxygen-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography: generation of metabolic images. J Nucl Med 1985; 26: 416\u2013417.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600118"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241270416"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-018-0236-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","first-page":"441","article-title":"Use of acetazolamide-challenge xenon CT in the assessment of cerebral blood flow dynamics in patients with arteriovenous malformations","volume":"11","author":"Tarr RW","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tarr RW, Johnson DW, Rutigliano M, et\u00a0al. Use of acetazolamide-challenge xenon CT in the assessment of cerebral blood flow dynamics in patients with arteriovenous malformations. 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