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Toward this aim, we investigated the therapeutic potential of DPSCs-Exos for promoting OPCs differentiation and white matter repair after ischemic stroke using in vivo (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) and in vitro (oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation, OGD\/R) models. Intracerebroventricular DPSCs-Exos were administered on days 1, 3, and 5 post-MCAO, with functional (sensory-motor and cognitive), morphological, and biochemical assessments performed at 7, 14, and 28\u2009days. Our results demonstrated that DPSC-Exos treatment significantly improved functional outcomes, promoted OPCs proliferation and differentiation, and facilitated white matter repair. Mechanistically, DPSC-Exos-mediated OPCs differentiation involves protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and inhibitor of differentiation 2 (ID2). Specifically, exosomal myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 (Myl9) interacts with PRMT5 in OPCs, driving PRMT5 nucleation, subsequent CpG island methylation, and ID2 downregulation, ultimately leading to OPCs differentiation into oligodendrocytes (OLs). These findings identify a novel mechanism by which DPSC-Exos promote white matter repair and suggest their potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x251399014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1763786664000},"page":"695-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["DPSCs-Exos promote OPCs differentiation and white matter repair via Myl9-mediated PRMT5 nucleation after ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Weihong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 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