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While previous studies have largely focused on the psychological outcomes of controlled breathing, particularly its role in reducing stress and anxiety, our findings advance the novel benefit of enhancing the glymphatic pathway and reflect a mechanistic framework to guide future work. We discuss the prior literature that demonstrated that respiration induced changes in thoracic pressure can immediately generate large-scale CSF flow. Whether initiated indirectly via structured breathing protocols or directly through intermittent CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    inhalation, we also emphasize the importance of oscillatory CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a potent driver of vasomotion and CSF flow. This emerging paradigm highlights respiratory-based interventions not only as tools for mental health and stress resilience, but also as potential noninvasive strategies to promote brain health, maintain cognitive function, and have therapeutic value in mitigating age-related decline and neurodegeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x251399120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T05:14:01Z","timestamp":1765170841000},"page":"444-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Harnessing brain rhythms to activate the glymphatic pathway via controlled breathing and intermittent CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Andrei A","family":"Vakhtin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Pirio Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A","family":"Shaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sephira G","family":"Ryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00500-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27247-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3246-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2754-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00394-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-120720-011638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03706-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMB.2007.907088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.121000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Rapid solute transport throughout the brain via paravascular fluid pathways","volume":"52","author":"Rennels M","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rennels M, Blaumanis O, Grady P. 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