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Twenty-five healthy volunteers (mean age 24\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009years, 10 females) performed a visual task alternating between fixation and flashing checkerboard stimuli.\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P MRS spectra were acquired from a visual cortex voxel functionally localized by prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed a significant reduction in NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentrations during the first stimulation block, while no significant change was observed during the second block. No significant changes were observed for other high-energy phosphate metabolites (ATP, phosphocreatine, and inorganic phosphate), indicating specificity in the NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    response. Exploratory analyses, dividing the blocks in two halves, suggested further reductions in NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and tNAD in the second halves of both stimulation blocks, though these trends were not statistically significant. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using fMRS at 7\u2009T to detect stimulus-induced dynamics in cerebral NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    metabolism\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , providing insights into the interplay between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during neural activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261415784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:18:36Z","timestamp":1773307116000},"page":"1967-1978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra-high field\n                    <sup>31<\/sup>\n                    P functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals NAD\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    dynamics in brain energy metabolism during visual 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