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Adair Charitable Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulation of paramagnetic substances in brain tissue may constitute a feature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) associated with inflammatory processes. This study employed MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), as an index of paramagnetic load, to assess its association with brain A\u03b2 and tau aggregates, as well as inflammatory biomarkers. We assessed QSM and T1-weighted MRI scans from 315 participants in the TRIAD cohort, including young-controls and individuals across the AD spectrum. Imaging was performed at baseline, with follow-up assessments at 12 and 24\u2009months. Mean-cortical and subcortical susceptibility values were measured, and correlations with AD-relevant plasma and CSF inflammatory biomarkers. At baseline, AD patients had significantly greater QSM than age-matched controls in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and basal ganglia. After 24\u2009months, QSM increased in the anterior cingulate in MCI, while dementia cases showed increase in the pallidum and hippocampus. Multiple comparison analysis indicated correlation between QSM and immune biomarkers IL-10RB, PD-L1, SCF, TWEAK, CSF-1, CXCL9, HGF, and CD40, but not with brain A\u03b2 or tau-related biomarkers. Our findings reveal that the magnitude of tissue susceptibility load, as measured by QSM, reflects tissue inflammation rather than protein aggregation. QSM provides new insights into tissue dysfunction, with potential applications in AD therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261417193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:05:47Z","timestamp":1770613547000},"page":"1841-1856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the brain is associated with inflammatory changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease related areas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyed Ali","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, 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