{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:29:34Z","timestamp":1793813374477,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"korea health industry development institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00265165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00265165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00265165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00265165"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Therapeutic options for acute ischemic stroke beyond reperfusion therapy are limited by narrow time windows and associated risks. Carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), a potent and adjustable vasodilator, may preserve ischemic brain tissue by enhancing cerebral blood flow (CBF) and stabilizing neurovascular components. We investigated whether CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    preconditioning prior to arterial occlusion confers neuroprotection in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model and evaluated its safety in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model. Adult male rats received 20% CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    before tMCAO or after ICH induction. In the tMCAO model, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    preconditioning improved CBF, reduced infarct size, and enhanced neurological performance (Garcia score, modified Neurological Severity Score, and rotarod). At the cellular level, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    preserved pericytes (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR\u03b2)), reduced oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)), and maintained blood-brain barrier integrity (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-5). In the ICH model, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    did not exacerbate hematoma volume or neurological deficits, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings indicate that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    preconditioning confers multifaceted neurovascular protection in ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic complications. With its rapid onset, noninvasive delivery, and translational potential, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    inhalation may serve as an early, prehospital intervention to improve stroke outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261418929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:03:15Z","timestamp":1771243395000},"page":"1572-1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    inhalation enhances pericyte-mediated neurovascular protection in ischemic stroke and remains safe in hemorrhagic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9309-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Eun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University 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College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Yeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Dae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoe","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Suk","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of 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