{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:05:41Z","timestamp":1791824741531,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"nederlandse organisatie voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"zonmw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10510032120006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10510032120006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"alzheimer nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WE.30202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE.30202204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"fondation leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CVD03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CVD03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Previously, water exchange across the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and blood\u2013cerebrospinal barrier (BCSFB) was assessed by multi-delay, multi-echotime (TE) arterial spin labeling, albeit in separate acquisitions with different settings. In this study, we present a protocol for simultaneous measurement of BBB and BCSFB water exchange using a multi-TE 3D-GRASE acquisition combined with T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -preparation. We evaluate several modeling approaches, comparing two- and three-compartment models to estimate water exchange rates from blood to gray matter (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      K\n                      <jats:sub>bl<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\u2009\u2192\u2009GM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and to CSF (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      K\n                      <jats:sub>bl<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\u2009\u2192\u2009CSF<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). ASL signal was consistent with expectations: at early time points, signal decayed rapidly across TEs in blood and GM, whereas at later time points decay was slower, consistent with label accumulation in CSF. All models yielded CBF and ATT values consistent with literature.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      K\n                      <jats:sub>bl<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\u2009\u2192\u2009CSF<\/jats:sub>\n                    was highest in the choroid plexus (\u22481.75\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), with lower values in GM and subarachnoid space (\u22481.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and white matter (\u22481.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) ROIs. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      K\n                      <jats:sub>bl<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\u2009\u2192\u2009GM<\/jats:sub>\n                    was homogenous across the brain. The three-compartment model yielded similar Akaike Information Criterion values to the two-compartment model, but allows more insight into physiology and is thus preferred. Overall, the protocol allowed simultaneous characterization of BBB and BCSFB dynamics, with the three-compartment model offering the most informative representation of water exchange.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261429042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:07:16Z","timestamp":1773814036000},"page":"2087-2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simultaneous measurement of water transport across the blood\u2013brain and blood\u2013CSF barrier in the human brain with arterial spin labeling MRI"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9onie","family":"Petitclerc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3071-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Durrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydiane","family":"Hirschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"V\u00e1clav\u016f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias J.P.","family":"van Osch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2019.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00098-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0312-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14195-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30158-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.611731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16002-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-017-0659-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199904)9:4<531::AID-JMRI4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910030214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1985.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04898-2_110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach","author":"Burnham KP","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. New York, NY: Springer, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.734992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00323-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(81)90007-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2024.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X251369218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-1029-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.571480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16673385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141159"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X261429042","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0271678X261429042","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X261429042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1785928712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0271678X261429042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0271678X261429042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x261429042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]}}}